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Topic 3.2French B SL56 flashcards

Past tenses

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Card 1 of 563.2.1
3.2.1
Question

le passé composé

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3.2.114 cards

Card 1definition
Question

le passé composé

Answer

the compound past — the everyday tense for completed actions (auxiliary + past participle)

Card 2definition
Question

manger → j'…

Answer

j'ai mangé (I ate / I have eaten — avoir + participle -é)

Card 3definition
Question

finir → tu…

Answer

tu as fini (you finished — avoir + participle -i)

Card 4definition
Question

vendre → il / elle…

Answer

il a vendu / elle a vendu (he/she sold — avoir + participle -u)

Card 5definition
Question

aller → je…

Answer

je suis allé(e) (I went — être + agreement)

Card 6definition
Question

aller → elle / elles

Answer

elle est allée / elles sont allées (she/they-f went — être, feminine agreement)

Card 7concept
Question

How do you form a regular past participle?

Answer

-er → -é (parlé), -ir → -i (fini), -re → -u (vendu).

Card 8concept
Question

Which auxiliary do MOST verbs take?

Answer

avoir (j'ai mangé, tu as fini, il a vendu). With avoir the participle does NOT agree with the subject.

Card 9concept
Question

Which verbs take ÊTRE?

Answer

The DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs (movement / change of state: aller, venir, arriver, partir, entrer, sortir, monter, descendre, naître, mourir, etc.) and ALL reflexive verbs.

Card 10concept
Question

être past-participle agreement

Answer

With être the participle agrees with the subject: +e (fem.), +s (plural), +es (fem. plural) — elle est allée, ils sont allés, elles sont parties.

Card 11concept
Question

When do you use the passé composé?

Answer

For completed past actions: a single finished event, a sequence of events, or an action at a specific time (hier, tout à coup).

Card 12concept
Question

faire / prendre / voir → past participle

Answer

Irregulars: faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu (also être → été, avoir → eu).

Card 13concept
Question

Spot the error: «Elle a allée au cinéma.»

Answer

Wrong auxiliary: «aller» takes être, so it must be «Elle est allée au cinéma.»

Card 14concept
Question

Spot the error: «Hier, je mangé une pizza.»

Answer

Missing auxiliary: needs «j'ai mangé» — the passé composé always has an auxiliary (avoir/être) before the participle.

3.2.214 cards

Card 15definition
Question

l'imparfait

Answer

the imperfect (the past for habits, description and ongoing actions)

Card 16definition
Question

parler → je

Answer

je parlais (I used to speak / I was speaking)

Card 17definition
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finir → je

Answer

je finissais (I used to finish) — stem from nous finissons → finiss-

Card 18definition
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habiter → nous

Answer

nous habitions (we used to live)

Card 19definition
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parler → ils / elles

Answer

ils parlaient (they used to speak)

Card 20definition
Question

manger → je

Answer

je mangeais (I used to eat) — soft g kept: mange-

Card 21definition
Question

être → imparfait (je)

Answer

j'étais (I was) — the only irregular stem, ét-

Card 22definition
Question

aller → nous (imparfait)

Answer

nous allions (we used to go)

Card 23definition
Question

faire → il (imparfait)

Answer

il faisait (it was — e.g. il faisait froid, it was cold)

Card 24concept
Question

The six imperfect endings?

Answer

-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient — the same for every verb.

Card 25concept
Question

How do you build the imperfect stem?

Answer

Take the nous form of the present and drop -ons: parlons → parl-, finissons → finiss-, prenons → pren-. Only être is irregular (ét-).

Card 26concept
Question

When do you use the imperfect?

Answer

For past habits, descriptions and background, age/time/weather, and « was -ing » — actions that repeat, stretch or describe rather than finish once.

Card 27concept
Question

Habit in the past: passé composé or imperfect?

Answer

Imperfect — « tous les jours j'allais à l'école ». Using the passé composé « je suis allé » would mean it happened just once.

Card 28concept
Question

What is the only irregular imperfect stem?

Answer

être → ét- (j'étais, tu étais, il était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils étaient). Every other verb builds its stem from the nous form.

3.2.314 cards

Card 29definition
Question

le passé composé (rôle)

Answer

completed events: what happened, a single action, a sequence (j'ai mangé, je suis parti)

Card 30definition
Question

l'imparfait (rôle)

Answer

background: description, habits, what was going on (je mangeais, il faisait froid)

Card 31definition
Question

manger : j'ai mangé vs je mangeais

Answer

j'ai mangé = I ate (once, finished — passé composé); je mangeais = I used to eat / I was eating (imparfait)

Card 32definition
Question

aller : je suis allé vs j'allais

Answer

je suis allé = I went (once — passé composé, ÊTRE verb); j'allais = I used to go / I was going (imparfait)

Card 33concept
Question

How is the passé composé built?

Answer

Auxiliary (avoir OR être) in the present + the past participle: j'ai fini, je suis allé(e), je me suis levé(e).

Card 34concept
Question

How is the imparfait built?

Answer

Take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, add -ais/-ais/-ait/-ions/-iez/-aient: nous mangeons → je mangeais.

Card 35definition
Question

marqueurs → passé composé

Answer

hier, tout à coup, une fois, lundi dernier (single, dated, finished moment)

Card 36definition
Question

marqueurs → imparfait

Answer

toujours, d'habitude, tous les jours, pendant que (repetition or ongoing scene)

Card 37definition
Question

Pendant que je lisais, le téléphone a sonné

Answer

ongoing action (imparfait lisais) + the single event that interrupts (passé composé a sonné)

Card 38definition
Question

âge dans le passé

Answer

imparfait: «j'avais huit ans» (I was eight) — never «j'ai eu huit ans»

Card 39definition
Question

climat dans le passé (décor)

Answer

imparfait: «il faisait froid / il pleuvait» (it was cold / it was raining) as background

Card 40concept
Question

Which verbs take ÊTRE in the passé composé?

Answer

Movement/change verbs (aller, venir, partir, arriver, rester, tomber, naître, mourir…) and ALL reflexive verbs; the participle then agrees with the subject.

Card 41concept
Question

How do you decide passé composé or imparfait?

Answer

Ask: the action that happened (passé composé) or the scene/background around it (imparfait)?

Card 42concept
Question

Most common anglophone mistakes here?

Answer

Using the passé composé for description/age/weather, using the imparfait for a one-off event, and using «avoir» instead of «être» for movement/reflexive verbs.

3.2.414 cards

Card 43definition
Question

le plus-que-parfait

Answer

the pluperfect — imperfect of avoir/être + past participle = «had done»

Card 44definition
Question

avoir (imparfait)

Answer

avais, avais, avait, avions, aviez, avaient

Card 45definition
Question

être (imparfait)

Answer

étais, étais, était, étions, étiez, étaient

Card 46definition
Question

manger → plus-que-parfait (je)

Answer

j'avais mangé (= I had eaten)

Card 47definition
Question

partir → plus-que-parfait (je)

Answer

j'étais parti(e) (= I had left)

Card 48definition
Question

finir → plus-que-parfait (il)

Answer

il avait fini (= he had finished)

Card 49definition
Question

se lever → plus-que-parfait (elle)

Answer

elle s'était levée (reflexive → être + agreement)

Card 50definition
Question

faire / prendre → participe

Answer

fait / pris (j'avais fait, j'avais pris)

Card 51definition
Question

voir / écrire → participe

Answer

vu / écrit (j'avais vu, j'avais écrit)

Card 52concept
Question

How do you form the pluperfect?

Answer

Put avoir or être in the IMPERFECT (avais / étais…) and add the past participle: «j'avais mangé», «j'étais parti(e)».

Card 53concept
Question

When do you use the pluperfect?

Answer

For an action that had already happened BEFORE another past moment — with «déjà / avant / la veille» and in reported speech («il a dit qu'il avait fini»).

Card 54concept
Question

How is the pluperfect different from the passé composé?

Answer

Same recipe, but the auxiliary is in the IMPERFECT, not the present: passé composé «j'ai mangé» → pluperfect «j'avais mangé».

Card 55concept
Question

Which auxiliary, and does the participle agree?

Answer

Same avoir/être split as the passé composé; with être the participle agrees with the subject: «elle était partie», «ils étaient partis».

Card 56concept
Question

What are the most common pluperfect errors?

Answer

Auxiliary in the passé composé instead of the imperfect, wrong auxiliary (avait parti instead of était parti), and forgetting être-agreement (était parti vs partie).

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