Key Idea: Topic 4.4 focuses on how water pollution damages ecosystems and health, especially through **bioaccumulation** and **biomagnification**, and how pollution can be managed using prevention, treatment, and policy.
☠️ Bioaccumulation vs biomagnification (must be crystal clear)
Bioaccumulation: Build-up of a toxin in **one organism** over time. Absorbed faster than it can be broken down/excreted. Example: mercury building up in one fish.
Biomagnification: Toxin concentration increases **up a food chain**. Top predators get the highest dose. Example: plankton → fish → seals → top predators (including humans).
High marks: use a simple food chain and explicitly state why top predators have the highest concentration (many prey eaten + toxins stored, often fat-soluble/persistent).
🧪 Pollutants that biomagnify
🧰 Pollution management (best answers show layers)
Strong responses explain **HOW** each strategy reduces pollution (not just listing).
1) Define bioaccumulation and biomagnification. 2) Name 2 pollutants that biomagnify. 3) Give 3 management strategies and explain how they work.