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NotesESS HLTopic 2.1Habitat
Back to ESS HL Topics
2.1.194 min read

Habitat (ESS HL)

IB Environmental Systems and Societies • Unit 2

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Contents

  • Habitat at Higher Level
  • What a habitat is
  • Habitat and niche
  • Habitats in a local ecosystem
  • Exam-style question
Habitat at Higher Level: The same idea as SL. HL uses a species with only one habitat left, the axolotl, to show why habitats matter.

Practise this as you read

  • Describe a habitat in four parts.
  • Explain why losing a habitat threatens a species.

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Where a living thing lives: A habitat is the location in which a community, species, population or organism lives.

The points to remember

  • A habitat is the location where a community, species, population or organism lives.
  • Describe its geographical location: where on Earth (a country, an island, a lake).
  • Describe its physical location: where exactly it lives there (a burrow, a canal bottom, a treetop).
  • Name the type of ecosystem it needs (sea cliffs, freshwater wetland, cloud forest).
  • Say the conditions that ecosystem must give it to survive: food, water, temperature, shelter.
Remember it as: Where on Earth, where exactly, which ecosystem, what it needs.
Fact file: the axolotl's habitat. Geographical: Lake Xochimilco, Mexico City. Physical: the bottom of shallow canals among water plants. Ecosystem: a freshwater wetland of canals. Conditions: cool, clean, oxygen-rich water with worms and insect larvae. About 6,000 per km² in 1998, 35 per km² in 2014.
A habitat description: where on Earth, where exactly, which ecosystem, and what it needs.
Write 'habitat', not 'home': 'Home' is not accepted as the scientific word. Use habitat, and say what it provides.

Real example: the axolotl lives wild only in Xochimilco's canals. As the canals were polluted, the number per km² fell from about 6,000 (1998) to 35 (2014).

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Habitat and niche are easy to mix up. Keep them apart with one question each.

Habitat or niche?

  • Habitat = where a species lives.
  • Niche = how it lives there: everything it needs and all its interactions (2.1.8).
  • Many species can share one habitat; each species has its own niche.

Habitat

  • Where it lives
  • Can be shared by many species

Niche

  • How it lives there
  • Belongs to one species

Real example: axolotls, carp and water birds share Xochimilco's canals, but carp stir up the mud and eat axolotl eggs: same habitat, different niches.

Habitats in a local ecosystem: Even a small wood or shore contains many habitats, each with its own conditions and species.

The points to remember

  • A local ecosystem holds many small habitats close together.
  • Each small habitat has its own conditions: light, water, temperature, shelter.
  • So each one holds different species, which you can find by searching it.

A local habitat: on a rocky shore, a rock pool stays wet at low tide, so anemones, crabs and small fish can live in it.

Try it: Pick one species near you and describe its habitat in four parts: where on Earth, where exactly, which ecosystem, what it needs.

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How this comes up: Paper 2, Section B (a) [4]: outline a habitat, four points for a named species. Or Paper 1 [1] or [2] from a fact file.
IB-style questionOutline[4 marks]

A conservation charity is raising money to protect rare amphibians.

Outline the habitat of a named species.

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A guidebook describes the rock pools on a beach as 'the habitat of the shore crab'.

the term habitat.
[1 mark]

Related ESS HL Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

2.1.1The biosphere
2.1.2Organisms and species
2.1.3Classification
2.1.4Identification of organisms
View all ESS HL topics

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Previous
2.1.18Community
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Ecosystems as open systems2.1.20

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