GDP, Green GDP & GNH
Big idea: GDP is the usual way to measure a country's 'success' — but it only counts money, not the environment. Newer indicators try to fix this.
Three ways to measure a country
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product) — total money value of all goods & services. Drawback: it ignores pollution and resource loss, so GDP can rise while nature is destroyed.
- Green GDP — GDP minus the environmental costs (pollution, lost resources). A more honest picture.
- GNH (Gross National Happiness) — measures wellbeing, health, education and environment, not just money (famously used by Bhutan).
Exam link: "GDP can lead to unsustainable development" — because chasing GDP growth ignores the damage done to natural capital.
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