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NotesDesign Technology HLTopic 12.1The three DfM strategies
Back to Design Technology HL Topics
12.1.14 min read

The three DfM strategies (Design Technology HL)

IB Design Technology • Unit 12

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Contents

  • Three strategies, three questions
  • What each one changes
  • Where they conflict
  • Exam-style question
The big idea: Design for manufacture means changing the DESIGN so the product is easier to make, put together and take apart.

Three strategies: design for process asks whether the shape suits the machine. Design for assembly asks how many parts there are and how they go together. Design for disassembly asks whether it can ever come apart again.

The three strategies, and the conflict between the last two.

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StrategyTypical changes to the drawingWhat it gains
Design for processDraft angles, uniform wall thickness, radii instead of sharp internal corners, no undercuts, features a cutter can reachFewer rejects, a cheaper and simpler tool, shorter cycle times, and a part that comes out right first time
Design for assemblyCombine parts into one moulding, snap-fits instead of screws, symmetrical parts that cannot be fitted wrongly, assembly from one directionFewer parts to buy, stock and inspect; faster assembly with less training; far fewer mistakes
Design for disassemblyScrews and clips rather than adhesive, one fastener type, materials marked and grouped, the shortest-lived parts reachable firstRepairable products, recoverable materials, a longer working life, and compliance with tightening end-of-life regulation
All three happen before the tooling is ordered: Every change on that list is a change to the drawing.

After the tool is cut, the same improvement costs a new tool — which is why DfM is a design activity with a deadline, not a review carried out at the end.

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Design for assembly wantsDesign for disassembly wants
JointsSnap-fits and adhesive — fast, light and cheapScrews and released clips — openable, at the cost of time
Parts countAs few as possible, ideally one mouldingSeparable materials, which sometimes means more parts
MaterialsWhatever is fastest to mould and bondCompatible materials that can be recycled together, and no bonded sandwiches
DirectionEverything assembled from one directionThe shortest-lived part reachable first, which may be from another direction
The resolution, not the compromise: A released snap-fit — one a tool can open at a named point — gives most of the assembly speed and most of the disassembly.

Otherwise: screws where the product will need to be opened, clips where it will not, and never a glued sandwich of two different materials.

How this is tested — outlining design for process, assembly and disassembly strategies. It comes up two ways:

Paper 1 — multiple choice

  • Identify which DfM strategy a described change belongs to.
  • Choose the strategy that addresses a stated problem.

Paper 2 — analysing a product

  • Outline the three DfM strategies for a named product.
  • Explain how two DfM strategies conflict, and resolve it.
The trap: Treating DfM as a principle to agree with. Every mark is a specific CHANGE to the design — a draft angle, a combined part, one fastener type.
IB-style questionOutline[6 marks]

A moulded electric toothbrush is being redesigned. Outline how each of the three DfM strategies would change it, and where two of them conflict.

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IB Exam Questions on The three DfM strategies

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How The three DfM strategies Appears in IB Exams

Examiners use specific command terms when asking about this topic. Here's what to expect:

Define

Give the precise meaning of key terms related to The three DfM strategies.

AO1
Describe

Give a detailed account of processes or features in The three DfM strategies.

AO2
Explain

Give reasons WHY — cause and effect within The three DfM strategies.

AO3
Evaluate

Weigh strengths AND limitations of approaches in The three DfM strategies.

AO3
Discuss

Present arguments FOR and AGAINST with a balanced conclusion.

AO3

See the full IB Command Terms guide →

Related Design Technology HL Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

12.1.2Design for process
12.1.3Design for assembly
12.1.4Design for disassembly
12.1.5DfM and the environment
View all Design Technology HL topics

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