Organic compounds and homologous series
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Question
What is organic chemistry?
Answer
The chemistry of **carbon compounds**.
Question
What is a homologous series?
Answer
A family of organic compounds with the **same general formula** and **functional group**, each member differing by **CH_{2}**.
Question
What is a functional group?
Answer
The reactive atom or group of atoms that gives a series its **characteristic chemistry** (e.g. C=C, –OH).
Question
Name the four features of a homologous series.
Answer
Same **general formula**; differ by **CH_{2}**; **gradual change** in physical properties; **similar chemical** properties.
Question
General formula of the alkanes?
Answer
**C_{n}H_{2n+2}** (saturated — only single C–C bonds).
Question
General formula of the alkenes?
Answer
**C_{n}H_{2n}** (unsaturated — one C=C double bond).
Question
General formula of the alcohols?
Answer
**C_{n}H_{2n+1}OH** (functional group –OH).
Question
Saturated vs unsaturated?
Answer
**Saturated** = only single C–C bonds (max H); **unsaturated** = at least one **C=C** double bond (fewer H).
Question
Why do boiling points rise down a series?
Answer
Longer chains are bigger/heavier, so **intermolecular forces** are stronger → **higher boiling point**.
Question
How many H atoms differ between an alkane and its alkene (same C)?
Answer
**Two** fewer hydrogens in the alkene — the C=C double bond replaces two C–H bonds.
Question
First member of the alkenes?
Answer
**Ethene, C_{2}H_{4}** (alkenes start at n = 2).
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Full study notes for Organic compounds and homologous series
Topic 3.2 hub
Functional groups: classification of organic compounds
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