Classifying eukaryotes: kingdoms and nutrition
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Question
What are the four eukaryote kingdoms?
Answer
**Plants, animals, fungi and protists.**
Question
Define a eukaryote.
Answer
An organism whose cells have a **nucleus** (and membrane-bound organelles).
Question
What is a plant cell wall made of?
Answer
**Cellulose.**
Question
What is a fungal cell wall made of?
Answer
**Chitin.**
Question
Define an autotroph.
Answer
An organism that **makes its own food** from simple inorganic molecules (e.g. by photosynthesis).
Question
Define a heterotroph.
Answer
An organism that obtains food by **taking in organic molecules** made by other organisms.
Question
Define a mixotroph.
Answer
An organism that can feed as an **autotroph OR a heterotroph**, depending on conditions.
Question
What is holozoic nutrition?
Answer
Heterotrophic feeding where food is taken **into the body and digested internally** (as animals do).
Question
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
Answer
Heterotrophic feeding where enzymes digest **dead matter outside** the body, then the products are absorbed (as fungi do).
Question
Which two kingdoms have a cell wall, and what differs?
Answer
**Plants** (cellulose) and **fungi** (chitin) — same idea, different material.
Question
If a cell has chloroplasts, what mode of nutrition is possible?
Answer
**Autotrophic** — chloroplasts let it make its own food by photosynthesis.
Question
Why are protists grouped into one kingdom?
Answer
They are the **'everything else'** eukaryotes — mostly **unicellular** and not fitting plants, animals or fungi.
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Topic 1.6 hub
Diversity of organisms
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