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NotesSpanish BTopic 3.3Using the subjunctive
Back to Spanish B Topics
3.3.43 min read

Using the subjunctive

IB Spanish B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
When to use the subjunctive: You already know how to build the present subjunctive (micro 3.3.3). This micro is about when to use it. The short answer: after a trigger — a word or phrase that expresses a wish, emotion, opinion, doubt or influence — followed by «que» and a change of subject. If the subject doesn't change, you usually just use the infinitive instead.
el disparador
the trigger — the phrase that calls for the subjunctive (quiero que, espero que…)
el cambio de sujeto
the change of subject — the two clauses have different subjects
la cláusula
the clause — a part of the sentence with its own verb
el deseo
wish / wanting — quiero que, espero que
la duda
doubt / denial — no creo que, dudo que
ojalá
«I hope / if only» — a word that always triggers the subjunctive
The one rule to remember: The golden rule is trigger + «que» + a CHANGE of subject. I want (yo) that you study (tú) → «Quiero que estudies». Two different people, so the subjunctive appears. Same person? Drop «que» and use the infinitive: «Quiero estudiar» (I want to study).
The trigger families: Triggers fall into a handful of families. Learn one or two examples from each and you'll recognise the subjunctive everywhere. They all share the same shape: trigger + «que» + subjunctive.

Familias de disparadores

  • Wish / want — «quiero que», «espero que» — «Quiero que vengas.» (I want you to come.)
  • Emotion — «me alegro de que», «es triste que» — «Me alegro de que estés aquí.» (I'm glad you're here.)
  • Impersonal opinions — «es importante que», «es necesario que» — «Es importante que descanses.» (It's important that you rest.)
  • Doubt / denial — «no creo que», «dudo que» — «Dudo que llegue a tiempo.» (I doubt he'll arrive on time.)
  • Influence / requests — «pido que», «recomiendo que» — «Te recomiendo que pruebes esto.» (I recommend you try this.)
  • «ojalá» & conjunctions — «ojalá», «para que», «antes de que», «cuando + future» — «Ojalá que apruebes.» (I hope you pass.)
FamiliaDisparador típicoEjemplo con subjuntivo
Deseoquiero que / espero queEspero que tengas suerte.
Emociónme alegro de queMe alegro de que vengas.
Opinión impersonales importante queEs importante que estudies.
Duda / negaciónno creo que / dudo queNo creo que sea verdad.
Influencia / peticiónrecomiendo que / pido queRecomiendo que lo intentes.
Conjuncionespara que / antes de queTe lo explico para que entiendas.
Same subject? Use the infinitive: The subjunctive needs two different subjects. With one subject, drop «que» and use the infinitive: «Quiero ir» (I want to go), not «quiero que vaya». Likewise «Espero aprobar» (I hope to pass) when it's still I doing both.

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Indicative vs subjunctive — the «creer» test: The clearest contrast is belief vs doubt. When you affirm a belief you use the indicative; when you deny or doubt it you use the subjunctive. The same verb can take either mood depending on the trigger in front of it.

Indicativo (afirmar)

  • Creo que viene mañana.
  • Estoy seguro de que es verdad.
  • Pienso que tiene razón.

Subjuntivo (dudar/negar)

  • No creo que venga mañana.
  • No estoy seguro de que sea verdad.
  • No pienso que tenga razón.
Affirm → indicative, deny/doubt → subjunctive: «Creo que viene» (indicative — I'm asserting it) but «No creo que venga» (subjunctive — I'm doubting it). The trigger flips from affirmation to doubt, and so does the mood. Listen for the «no» in front of creer/pensar/estar seguro.
Wishes and opinions, sentence by sentence: Here's a short paragraph of wishes and opinions, built one sentence at a time. Each line opens with a trigger (quiero que, me alegro de que, es importante que, no creo que, ojalá que) and so the verb after «que» is in the subjunctive. Read it once, then tap Ver traducción for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

El subjuntivo en uso

Deseos y opiniones, frase a frase

  1. Quiero que mi instituto organice más actividades para los estudiantes.
  2. Me alegro de que tantos jóvenes participen en el voluntariado.
  3. Es importante que todos tengamos las mismas oportunidades.
  4. No creo que el problema se resuelva sin la ayuda de todos.
  5. Ojalá que el año que viene haya más apoyo para estas causas.
Steal this for opinion questions: These openers are gold for opinion tasks: «Es importante que…», «No creo que…», «Ojalá que…». Drop in any topic and you sound advanced. Just make sure there's a change of subject — otherwise use the infinitive («Es importante estudiar»).

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The slips to watch for: Two usage traps cost most marks. First: using the subjunctive after affirmative «creo que» (which actually takes the indicative). Second: forcing «que» + subjunctive when there's no change of subject — there you should just use the infinitive. Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

Correcto

  • Creo que tiene razón.
  • Quiero ir al cine.
  • Espero aprobar el examen.

Error común

  • Creo que tenga razón.
  • Quiero que vaya al cine.
  • Espero que apruebe el examen.
Check belief and subject: Two quick checks: (1) is the belief affirmed? Then it's the indicative («creo que viene»). (2) Is the subject the same in both halves? Then drop «que» and use the infinitive («quiero ir»). The subjunctive needs doubt/emotion/wish AND a change of subject.

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Corrige el error de modo y escribe la frase correcta: «No creo que es verdad.» [2 marks]

Related Spanish B Topics

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3.1.1Present regular
3.1.2Present irregular
3.1.3Ser vs Estar
3.1.4Gustar-type verbs
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