Classical conditioning

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Learning by linking two things, so a once-neutral cue comes to trigger a response on its own.

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A cue that causes no special reaction at first, like a beep before it means anything.

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Something that triggers a reflex naturally, with no learning needed, like food.

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The natural reflex to the UCS, like the mouth watering at food.

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The once-neutral cue that now triggers the response after pairing, like the learned beep.

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The learned reaction to the CS, like the mouth watering at the beep alone.

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The stage where the cue and the natural trigger are paired again and again until the link is learned.

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When the CS keeps appearing without the UCS, so the learned response slowly fades.

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A faded learned response returning after a rest, even after extinction.

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Reacting to cues that are similar to the conditioned stimulus, like a different beep.

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Ivan Pavlov, who noticed his dogs drooled at a signal that came before their food.

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Explaining learned fears (phobias): a harmless thing paired with a scary event can become frightening.