Back to Topic 2.1 — Biological approach
2.1.2Psychology SL12 flashcards

Biological reductionism

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Card 1 of 122.1.2
2.1.2
Question

What is reductionism?

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All 12 Flashcards — Biological reductionism

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Card 1definition

Question

What is reductionism?

Answer

Explaining something complex by breaking it down into simpler parts.

Card 2definition

Question

What is biological reductionism?

Answer

Explaining behaviour using its simplest biological parts — brain areas, chemicals and genes.

Card 3definition

Question

What is holism?

Answer

Explaining behaviour by looking at the whole person and their situation, including thoughts, environment and culture.

Card 4example

Question

Give an example of a reductionist explanation of low mood.

Answer

Explaining it only by low activity of a neurotransmitter and treating it with a medicine.

Card 5example

Question

One strength of a reductionist approach?

Answer

It is precise and testable — a small biological question can be measured, which has led to real treatments.

Card 6example

Question

One limitation of a reductionist approach?

Answer

It can oversimplify by ignoring thoughts, environment and culture, so one cause rarely explains a whole behaviour.

Card 7concept

Question

Which concept does reductionism most link to?

Answer

Perspective — it is one way of looking at behaviour, raising whether a single perspective is ever enough.

Card 8concept

Question

Why can reductionism be called deterministic?

Answer

Because it can treat behaviour as fixed by biology, reducing the sense of choice.

Card 9concept

Question

Why is a smaller question a strength of reductionism?

Answer

A smaller, biological question is easier to measure and test than a big, messy one.

Card 10comparison

Question

Reductionism vs holism — one line each.

Answer

Reductionism: explain by the simplest parts. Holism: explain by the whole person and situation.

Card 11concept

Question

Is a reductionist explanation 'wrong'?

Answer

Not wrong — useful and precise, but often incomplete on its own.

Card 12concept

Question

When is reductionism most useful?

Answer

When combined with a more holistic view, so precision and the bigger picture work together.

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