A framework for the effects of medieval wars

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Political/dynastic, territorial, growth of royal power and the state, social/economic, human cost, and peace settlements.

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Changes of ruler and ruling dynasty, and shifts in the balance of power between states — e.g. Normans replacing the Anglo-Saxons in 1066.

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Land gained, lost or swapped and borders redrawn — e.g. England reduced to just Calais in France by 1453.

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To fund fighting, rulers raise new taxes, expand administration and create standing forces, which often become permanent and centralise the crown.

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Late in the Hundred Years' War, France created a permanent royal army funded by regular taxation — a lasting increase in royal power.

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Heavy taxation (sparking revolts like 1381), disrupted trade and farming, and social change such as peasants gaining stronger bargaining power after big losses.

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Deaths of soldiers and civilians, displacement from destroyed homes, famine from ruined crops, and whole communities being wiped out.

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A fast raid in the Hundred Years' War that deliberately burned crops and villages, causing famine and destroying enemy revenue at once.

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Because a treaty is a major effect in itself, and many medieval treaties failed — you must assess whether it ended the war or merely paused it.

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It paused the Hundred Years' War on generous English terms, but resentment meant fighting resumed within a decade, by 1369.

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Winner: gains land, prestige and a secured dynasty. Loser: loses land and status, its ruler may be deposed, and it faces debt and unrest.

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Don't just list effects — weigh the categories, argue which mattered most with specific evidence, then reach a clear judgement.