The War in Kosovo, 1989–2002 — Impact
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Flip to reveal answersWhat happened to Kosovo's autonomy in 1989?
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Question
What happened to Kosovo's autonomy in 1989?
Answer
Slobodan Milošević removed Kosovo's autonomy and placed it under direct Serbian control, shutting out the ethnic Albanian majority.
Question
Define ethnic cleansing.
Answer
Forcing a whole ethnic group to leave an area, often through violence and terror.
Question
What was the KLA (UÇK)?
Answer
The Kosovo Liberation Army, an armed ethnic-Albanian group that fought Serbian forces for Kosovo's independence in the late 1990s.
Question
Roughly how many Kosovo Albanians were displaced in 1998–99?
Answer
Around 850,000 fled or were expelled into Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro.
Question
How long did NATO's 1999 bombing of Yugoslavia last, and when?
Answer
78 days, from 24 March to 10 June 1999 (Operation Allied Force), without UN Security Council approval.
Question
What did UN Resolution 1244 (June 1999) do?
Answer
It ended open fighting and placed Kosovo under international administration, backed by the NATO-led peacekeeping force KFOR.
Question
How did the war's impact fall on Serbs and Roma?
Answer
After June 1999, revenge attacks displaced many Serbs and Roma, so displacement hit both sides, not only Albanians.
Question
How did the war spread beyond Kosovo?
Answer
Refugees strained neighbours, and in 2001 an Albanian insurgency spilled into Macedonia before the Ohrid Agreement calmed it.
Question
What was the justice impact of the war?
Answer
Milošević lost power in 2000, was handed to the ICTY in The Hague in 2001, and his war-crimes trial opened in 2002.
Question
Sort Kosovo's impact into three layers.
Answer
People (death and displacement), Region (refugees and 2001 Macedonia spillover) and Justice (Milošević's trial). Memory hook: PRJ.
Question
Compare the positive and negative impacts of NATO's bombing.
Answer
Positive: forced Serbian withdrawal and ended the expulsions. Negative: killed civilians, wrecked infrastructure, expulsions worsened during it, and it lacked UN approval.
Question
What is the biggest Paper 1 mistake on an impact question?
Answer
Telling the war story instead of judging impact. Weigh both sides with sources and own knowledge, then reach a balanced judgement.
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Full study notes for The War in Kosovo, 1989–2002 — Impact
Topic 5.2 hub
Kosovo (1989–2002)
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