Key actors and groups
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Flip to reveal answersWhat was the civil rights movement of 1954 to 1965?
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Question
What was the civil rights movement of 1954 to 1965?
Answer
A campaign by Black Americans and their allies to end segregation and win equal rights, especially in the Southern states.
Question
Define segregation.
Answer
Laws that forced Black and white people to use separate facilities and treated Black people as second class.
Question
What was the NAACP and what did it do?
Answer
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (founded 1909); it fought segregation through the courts.
Question
Who was Thurgood Marshall, and what did he win?
Answer
The NAACP lawyer who won Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, making school segregation unconstitutional.
Question
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–56)?
Answer
A year-long boycott of Montgomery's buses, sparked by Rosa Parks's arrest and led by Martin Luther King, that ended bus segregation there.
Question
What was the SCLC?
Answer
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, founded by King in 1957 to organise large nonviolent protests.
Question
What was SNCC?
Answer
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (founded 1960), a youth group that grew from the lunch-counter sit-ins.
Question
What did CORE organise in 1961?
Answer
The Freedom Rides, which tested and challenged segregation on interstate buses.
Question
How did Malcolm X differ from Martin Luther King?
Answer
He rejected nonviolence, calling instead for Black self-defence, self-reliance and Black pride rather than integration.
Question
Compare the NAACP's method with the SCLC's method.
Answer
The NAACP fought mainly through the courts, while the SCLC organised mass nonviolent protests and marches.
Question
In a source question, how do you judge value and limitation?
Answer
By explaining the source's origin, purpose and content — never just saying 'it is biased'.
Question
Name four key actors in the movement.
Answer
The NAACP, Martin Luther King and the SCLC, the student groups SNCC and CORE, and Malcolm X.
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Topic 4.1 hub
US civil rights movement (1954–1965)
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