Why conflict emerged
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Flip to reveal answersWhat are the four types of pressure that push disputes into conflict?
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Question
What are the four types of pressure that push disputes into conflict?
Answer
Economic, political, social and environmental factors.
Question
Define 'conflict' as used in this thematic study.
Answer
Two or more groups using violence to resolve a dispute — one end of a spectrum with peaceful cooperation at the other.
Question
What is the difference between a long-term cause and a short-term trigger?
Answer
A long-term cause builds pressure over years or decades; a short-term trigger is the single event that finally sets off the violence.
Question
Give an example of a political long-term cause of the First World War.
Answer
The rigid alliance system (Triple Alliance vs Triple Entente) that turned a regional dispute into a continent-wide war.
Question
What was the short-term trigger of the First World War?
Answer
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.
Question
What economic pressure contributed to the Rwandan genocide?
Answer
A collapse in world coffee prices in the late 1980s/early 1990s plus severe land scarcity from high population density.
Question
How did Belgian colonial rule shape the causes of the 1994 Rwandan genocide?
Answer
Belgium formalised flexible Hutu/Tutsi social distinctions into fixed ethnic categories on identity cards from 1933, hardening division that was later exploited by extremists.
Question
What was the immediate trigger of the Rwandan genocide?
Answer
President Habyarimana's plane being shot down on 6 April 1994.
Question
Compare the role of 'trigger' events in WWI and the Rwandan genocide.
Answer
Both conflicts had long-term pressure building for years, released by a single sudden trigger event (an assassination in 1914; a plane shot down in 1994) — same pattern, different regions.
Question
What does 'perspectives' mean when studying why a conflict emerged?
Answer
Different groups — combatants, civilians, victors, later historians — can give genuinely different explanations for the same conflict's causes.
Question
What does Paper 2 §B(b) require regarding regions?
Answer
At least two examples from at least two different IB regions, explicitly compared, with a substantiated judgement.
Question
Name two other conflicts (beyond WWI and Rwanda) useful for cross-regional comparison in this thematic study.
Answer
The Vietnam War (Asia & Oceania) and the Mexican Revolution (Americas).
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Why did conflict emerge?
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