Feminism in the USA — changes and limitations
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Question
What did Title IX (1972) do?
Answer
Banned sex discrimination in any school or college receiving federal funding, opening up sports and academic opportunities for girls and women.
Question
What did Roe v. Wade (1973) establish?
Answer
A Supreme Court ruling that a woman's constitutional right to privacy included the right to choose an abortion in early pregnancy.
Question
What was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?
Answer
A proposed constitutional amendment guaranteeing that equal rights could not be denied on account of sex; passed by Congress in 1972 but never ratified.
Question
Why did the ERA fail?
Answer
It fell three states short of the 38 needed for ratification by the 1982 deadline, after strong opposition led by Phyllis Schlafly.
Question
What existing laws helped feminists fight economic discrimination before the ERA?
Answer
The Equal Pay Act (1963) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964), which banned unequal pay and employment discrimination based on sex.
Question
Who was Shirley Chisholm?
Answer
The first African American woman elected to Congress (1968); argued race and sex discrimination had to be fought together.
Question
Define intersectionality (as used in this micro).
Answer
The idea that overlapping identities, like race and sex, shape a person's experience together, not separately.
Question
How did mainstream feminist priorities differ from those of many working-class women?
Answer
Mainstream feminism (e.g. NOW) focused on careers, pay equity, and reproductive choice; working-class women often prioritized safe jobs, wages, and childcare out of daily necessity.
Question
Give one concrete example of a limitation in how movement gains reached women unequally.
Answer
Roe v. Wade guaranteed a legal right to abortion, but poorer women, disproportionately Black and working-class, often could not afford to use that right in practice.
Question
What does Q1 on Paper 1 ask you to do?
Answer
Explain how the content of two sources can be used to answer the inquiry question (6 marks).
Question
What does Q2 on Paper 1 ask you to do?
Answer
Analyse how a source's context (origin, purpose, time, place) shapes how it can be used to answer the inquiry question (6 marks).
Question
What does Q3 on Paper 1 ask you to do?
Answer
Examine how perspectives across all the sources can be used to answer the inquiry question, comparing similarities and differences (12 marks).
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Full study notes for Feminism in the USA — changes and limitations
Topic 5.1 hub
Feminism in the USA (1960–1979)
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