Post-war displacement in Europe — different groups' experiences
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Flip to reveal answersWhat is a Displaced Person (DP)?
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Question
What is a Displaced Person (DP)?
Answer
A person outside their home country after WWII who was unable or unwilling to return home.
Question
Roughly how many DPs remained in camps by 1947?
Answer
Around one million, mostly in camps across Germany, Austria and Italy.
Question
Why did many Eastern European DPs refuse repatriation?
Answer
Their homelands were now under Soviet control, and return could mean arrest or execution as a suspected collaborator.
Question
What was the Kielce pogrom (July 1946)?
Answer
A violent antisemitic attack on Jewish survivors in Poland that killed 42 people, discouraging Jewish return.
Question
What is the Porajmos?
Answer
The Nazi genocide of Roma and Sinti people during WWII.
Question
Why is Roma displacement hard for historians to research?
Answer
Postwar relief agencies rarely recorded Roma as a distinct persecuted group, leaving a gap in the source record.
Question
When were the last Soviet-held German POWs released?
Answer
Not until 1955-56, a decade after the war ended.
Question
What was the ROA?
Answer
The Russian Liberation Army — Soviet POWs and defectors led by General Vlasov who fought for Germany.
Question
What was Operation Keelhaul?
Answer
The forced handover of Soviet nationals (including ex-German-command soldiers) by the Western Allies to the USSR under the Yalta agreements.
Question
Compare the repatriation of Allied POWs versus German POWs held by the USSR.
Answer
Allied POWs were repatriated relatively quickly; German POWs held by the USSR were used as forced labour and delayed for years.
Question
For Paper 1 Q2, what three things does 'context' cover?
Answer
A source's origin, purpose, and time/place of production, and how these shape its use.
Question
What should a strong Q3 answer do with contrasting source perspectives?
Answer
Group sources by viewpoint, show where they agree/conflict, and explain the differences using origin and purpose.
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Topic 4.1 hub
Post-war displacement in Europe (1945–1960)
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