Australia and New Zealand — nationhood and the First World War
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Flip to reveal answersWhat was Federation, and when did it happen for Australia?
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All 12 Flashcards — Australia and New Zealand — nationhood and the First World War
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Question
What was Federation, and when did it happen for Australia?
Answer
On 1 January 1901, six separate British colonies united to form the self-governing Commonwealth of Australia, still under the British Crown.
Question
What did Dominion status (1907) give New Zealand?
Answer
Self-government over domestic affairs, while Britain retained control of New Zealand's defence and foreign policy.
Question
Why didn't New Zealand join the Australian federation?
Answer
It was geographically distant from Australia and had its own distinct relationship with Māori, so it chose Dominion status separately in 1907.
Question
Name two pioneering social/democratic reforms of early Australia and New Zealand.
Answer
New Zealand gave women the vote in 1893 (world first); Australia set a national minimum wage via the 1907 Harvester Judgement.
Question
What was ANZAC?
Answer
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, formed by combining troops from both Dominions for the First World War.
Question
Walk through the Gallipoli campaign in three steps.
Answer
1) ANZAC lands at the wrong beach on 25 April 1915 under heavy fire. 2) Eight months of trench-warfare stalemate follow. 3) Allies evacuate Dec 1915–Jan 1916 with no strategic gain.
Question
Roughly how many Australians and New Zealanders died at Gallipoli?
Answer
About 8,700 Australians and 2,700 New Zealanders died, out of roughly 130,000 total Allied and Ottoman deaths.
Question
What is the Anzac legend?
Answer
The founding national myth that Gallipoli revealed distinctly Australian/New Zealand qualities — courage, mateship, resourcefulness — despite the campaign's military failure.
Question
Compare the two views of the Anzac legend.
Answer
Unifying view: gave both nations a shared founding story and enduring values. Critical view: it commemorates a British-planned disaster and sidelines Indigenous service and the war's true social cost.
Question
How did Australia's and New Zealand's home fronts differ on conscription?
Answer
Australia held two referendums (1916, 1917) on conscription, both narrowly defeated, exposing deep divisions; New Zealand introduced conscription in 1916, controversial especially for Māori.
Question
What was the unequal reward faced by Indigenous servicemen after WWI?
Answer
Around 1,000 Māori and hundreds of Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander men served, yet returned to face continued land loss and exclusion from full citizenship rights.
Question
What structure should a Paper 3 'to what extent' essay follow?
Answer
A thesis engaging the claim, an argument for, an argument against, and a substantiated final judgement — description alone is not enough.
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Full study notes for Australia and New Zealand — nationhood and the First World War
Topic 12.4 hub
Indigenous societies and national identity in Australia and New Zealand (c.1770–2020)
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