Social movements — a second movement's methods and impact
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Question
What is the Chicano Movement?
Answer
The Mexican American civil rights movement of the 1960s-70s, fighting for labour rights, land rights, political power, and cultural identity.
Question
What was the Delano grape strike and boycott?
Answer
A 1965-70 campaign by farmworkers (led by Chavez and Huerta) striking and asking consumers to boycott table grapes, ending in the first farmworker union contracts.
Question
Who was Cesar Chavez?
Answer
Co-founder of the UFW; used non-violent methods (strikes, boycotts, fasting) to fight for farmworker rights.
Question
Who was Dolores Huerta?
Answer
UFW co-founder and chief negotiator; coined the phrase "Si, se puede" ("Yes, we can").
Question
Who was Reies Lopez Tijerina?
Answer
Led the New Mexico land-grant movement, using confrontational tactics like occupying a national forest and raiding a courthouse.
Question
What were the 1968 "Blowouts"?
Answer
School walkouts by over 15,000 East LA students protesting unequal schools and demanding Chicano history in the curriculum.
Question
What was MEChA?
Answer
Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan — a student organization founded in 1969 spreading Chicano activism on college campuses.
Question
What was La Raza Unida Party?
Answer
A Chicano political party founded in 1970 that won local elected office in Texas and Colorado — an example of political change.
Question
Compare non-violent and confrontational Chicano methods.
Answer
Non-violent (boycotts, fasting) won broad public sympathy and contracts; confrontational methods (land occupations, Brown Berets) grabbed attention but drew crackdowns and criticism.
Question
What legal change resulted from the movement?
Answer
The 1970 Delano contracts gave farmworkers their first union recognition, higher pay, and pesticide safety rules.
Question
Why is the movement's economic change described as limited?
Answer
UFW bargaining power declined through the 1980s as growers found ways around contracts, and farmworkers remained among the lowest-paid US workers.
Question
What role did women's groups like Comision Femenil Mexicana play?
Answer
They pushed the movement to confront sexism within its own ranks, not just from growers — foreshadowing a separate Chicana feminist movement.
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Topic 11.11 hub
Social movements in the Americas (1945–2020)
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