Identity and equality

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Through discrimination and unequal life-chances along lines of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexuality and disability — not just class.

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How different parts of a person's identity overlap to shape their experience of discrimination, compounding disadvantage for those at the intersections.

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Redistribution addresses material disadvantage (resources); recognition addresses the denial of respect, standing and rights (ending discrimination). Equality needs both.

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Politics organised around a shared group identity to claim rights and recognition — it has won real rights but is criticised as potentially divisive.

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Because discrimination persists regardless of income — it is rooted in prejudice and the denial of recognition, so it needs respect, rights and an end to discrimination.

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It can persist even for wealthy members of a group, because it is about prejudice and denial of standing, not just material disadvantage.

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Organising around identity has won real rights and recognition for groups class-based politics ignored, and names injustices that 'we're all equal' rhetoric hides.

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That it can fragment society into competing groups, obscure shared class interests, breed resentment, and reduce individuals to their group.

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Treating each identity separately, which misses those at the overlaps — often the most marginalised and least heard.

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Because a poor person needs resources but a discriminated-against person needs respect and rights — real equality requires both.

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Inequality has both a resource dimension (redistribution) and an identity dimension (recognition), which compound each other, so real equality needs both.