Global inequality

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The vast gaps in income, wealth and life-chances between the world's richest and poorest, both between countries and within them.

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Between countries, within countries (Gini coefficient), wealth vs income, and inequality of opportunity/life-chances.

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A number from 0 (total equality) to 1 (total inequality) measuring income inequality within a population.

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Vast wealth translates into vast power: the rich shape the rules of the global economy, while the poor have little voice.

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It depends what you measure — extreme poverty fell and gaps between countries narrowed, but inequality within many countries and wealth at the top rose.

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Large developing economies grew rapidly and lifted hundreds of millions out of extreme poverty, narrowing the gap between rich and poor countries.

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The wealth of the very richest has soared while many stagnate, so relative inequality and the concentration of wealth at the top have grown.

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Most of a person's income is explained by where they were born — luck, not merit — and the rich shaped the rules in their favour, so it reflects an unfair order.

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It partly reflects effort, skill and choices, creates incentives that drive growth, and ending absolute poverty may matter more than the gap.

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Wealth (assets accumulated over time and inherited) is far more concentrated than income (current earnings).

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Extreme inequality is unjust (birth and power, not merit), so the priority is ending absolute poverty AND curbing the extremes and concentration of power.