Border case studies

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You are given unseen stimulus and must bring your own real-world cases to analyse it, recommend a response and synthesise a judgement.

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A small toolkit across land/territorial, maritime (EEZ/island) and migration/refugee borders — contemporary and well-documented.

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Know its causes (colonial legacy, resources, identity), actors and their power, competing perspectives, and the response tried and how well it worked.

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Use the case to make analytical points — causes, actors, perspectives, evaluation — never simply narrate its story.

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Understand the stimulus, analyse the challenge with a case, recommend and justify a course of action, and synthesise a judgement.

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A justified course of action — state the options, weigh them against the challenge, choose one and defend why it is best.

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Pulling the stimulus, your case and the competing perspectives together into one coherent, evaluated response, not separate paragraphs.

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Territorial integrity vs self-determination, law vs power, and control vs compassion — identify which the stimulus raises.

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Because beyond analysis and evaluation, Paper 3 asks you to propose and justify a practical course of action to address the challenge.

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The causes, the actors and their power, the competing perspectives, and a response you can evaluate and turn into a recommendation.

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Make each part of the case do analytical work — explaining causes, weighing perspectives, evaluating a response — rather than telling events in order.