Peacebuilding
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Question
What is peacebuilding?
Answer
The long-term work after a ceasefire of removing the causes of conflict — rebuilding institutions, addressing grievances and reconciling communities — so violence does not return.
Question
What is the difference between negative and positive peace?
Answer
Negative peace is the absence of direct violence (a ceasefire); positive peace is a just society where the causes of conflict have been removed.
Question
What is reconciliation?
Answer
The process of rebuilding trust and relationships between former enemies, often through truth-telling, so a divided society can share a future.
Question
What is transitional justice?
Answer
The ways a society deals with past atrocities as it moves from conflict to peace — trials, truth commissions, reparations or amnesties.
Question
What is a truth and reconciliation commission?
Answer
A public body where victims and perpetrators tell the truth about past crimes, prioritising healing and a shared future over punishment.
Question
What is the ICC?
Answer
The International Criminal Court, which tries individuals for the gravest crimes — genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity — providing accountability.
Question
What does peacebuilding involve?
Answer
Rebuilding institutions, addressing root causes, reconciliation, transitional justice, and disarming and reintegrating former fighters.
Question
Why is a ceasefire not enough for lasting peace?
Answer
Because it gives only negative peace — the underlying grievances and structural violence remain, so conflict can reignite without peacebuilding.
Question
What is the case for justice after conflict?
Answer
Accountability through trials deters future atrocities, gives victims justice, and prevents the impunity that lets grievances fester.
Question
What is the case for reconciliation after conflict?
Answer
Punishing everyone may be impossible and can reopen wounds; truth-telling rebuilds trust and lets a divided society share a future.
Question
Why should peacebuilding be locally owned?
Answer
Peace imposed from outside without local ownership often fails; lasting peace needs the society's own institutions and communities to rebuild trust.
Read the notes
Full study notes for Peacebuilding
Topic 4.3 hub
Causes and dynamics of conflict
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Global Politics exam skills
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