Causes of conflict

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Grievances (injustice), greed (resources/power), identity divisions, weak institutions and a trigger event — usually several together.

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Conflict is caused by injustice — discrimination, oppression, exclusion or structural violence — so people fight because they are treated unfairly.

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Conflict is caused by the desire to control valuable resources, wealth and power, which can fund armed groups and prolong war.

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Grievance often starts a conflict while greed and resources sustain and prolong it, so most wars involve both, feeding each other.

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A specific event — an assassination, an election, a crackdown — that sparks fighting where tensions had built up.

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Injustice built into how society is organised, so some groups are harmed or excluded — a deep grievance that can drive rebellion.

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What a party publicly demands at the start — its stated, often inflexible, demand.

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What a party really wants underneath its public position — the goals it is actually pursuing.

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The basic things a party cannot give up — security, identity, survival. Lasting deals must meet needs.

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Because they ignore the deeper interests and needs driving the conflict, so the underlying grievance remains and fighting can reignite.

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Because grievance, greed, identity, weak institutions and triggers usually combine — a single cause rarely explains a whole war.