Individuals and communities

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Through local dialogue and reconciliation, inclusion in peace processes, activism, and building the local ownership that makes peace last.

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Peace efforts led by local communities themselves, from the bottom up, rebuilding trust and relationships between divided groups.

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When the community helps shape and sustain the peace, so it is more likely to last after negotiators leave.

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Women often prioritise the everyday needs and reconciliation that sustain peace, and their inclusion gives the agreement wider legitimacy.

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Because they are signed by leaders and outsiders but ignore the communities who must live in peace, so they lack local trust and ownership.

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They are trusted within their communities, so they can mediate, calm tensions and rebuild relationships where outsiders cannot.

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As peace activists, protesters, survivors who bear witness, and diaspora communities who can support or hinder peace from abroad.

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It can be slow, small-scale and hard to protect during fighting, and cannot alone stop armies or sign national ceasefires.

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It rebuilds the day-to-day trust and relationships between people that a signed national deal cannot create by itself.

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Only leaders and states can sign binding ceasefires, command armies to stop, and bring resources and enforcement at national scale.

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The two are complementary: leaders stop the fighting and provide the framework, while communities rebuild the trust that makes peace last.