What is development?

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The process of improving people's lives — contested between a narrow view (economic growth, GDP) and a broad view (human development: health, education, rights, well-being).

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Economic (income, jobs, growth), social (health, education), political (rights, freedoms, stability) and institutional (fair, effective institutions).

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Narrow = economic growth measured by GDP; broad = human development across health, education, rights and well-being.

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An economy can grow while most people stay poor, unhealthy or unfree, so economic growth and human development are not the same thing.

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Gross domestic product — the size of a country's economy; a narrow, income-only measure of development.

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The Human Development Index — it measures health, education and income together, capturing human development rather than just wealth.

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That growth and human development can diverge — a country can rank high on GDP but far lower on human development.

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Some define development as meeting basic needs (food, water, health); others push to well-being and freedoms — the broader the definition, the harder to measure.

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Because 'a good life' differs across cultures and values, so states pursue different goals — which some argue has itself hindered development.

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Economy first: growth funds everything. Society first: well-being is the goal. Usually interdependent — growth and human development reinforce each other.

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No — growth is one part; development is broader, including whether people's health, education, rights and well-being actually improve.