Technological interdependence

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When states and people rely on the same shared technology — the internet, data, cables and connected systems — so a problem in one network affects many.

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Through the internet and undersea cables, cross-border data flows, shared banking/transport/power systems, and a common cyberspace no state controls.

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The global network of connected computers, systems and data — a shared digital space no single state controls.

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It is the fastest-growing, as banks, hospitals, phones and grids increasingly run on the same global networks.

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Being on the same networks means a failure or attack in one place can spread through the shared system to everyone, fast.

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In 2017 one piece of ransomware spread across the internet to around 150 countries in days, locking hospitals and businesses worldwide.

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Malicious software that locks systems until a ransom is paid — WannaCry was a global ransomware attack.

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Instant global communication and knowledge, cheaper and faster business, problem-solving through shared information, and a global voice for ordinary people.

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Cyberattacks that cross borders instantly, reliance on a few networks and firms, surveillance and lost privacy, and fast-spreading disinformation.

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Controlling key technology, networks or data gives leverage — those others rely on can turn that reliance into power.

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States struggle to control a borderless cyberspace, where attacks and data ignore national frontiers.