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NotesGerman B HLTopic 3.4
Unit 3 · Grammar · Topic 3.4

IB German B HL — Cases, pronouns & adjectives

Topic 3.4 of IB German B covers Cases, pronouns & adjectives, which is part of Unit 3: Grammar. Students explore key concepts including Gender, articles & the Nominative/Accusative, Dative & Genitive cases, Personal & reflexive pronouns, Adjective endings, comparatives & superlatives. A strong understanding of cases, pronouns & adjectives is essential for IB German B HL exams and builds the foundation for connected topics across the syllabus.

Higher Level students should use this topic hub as a map: start with the shared sub-topics, then follow the HL-only extensions and exam-skill links where this topic asks for deeper analysis.

Exam technique guidePractice questions

Key concepts in Cases, pronouns & adjectives

Key Idea: This topic is about the endings that show each word's job: articles in the four cases, pronouns, and adjectives. They show who does what to whom.
Nominative and accusative
GenderNominativAkkusativ
masculineder / einden / einen
femininedie / einedie / eine
neuterdas / eindas / ein
pluraldiedie

Using the cases

  • Learn every noun with der, die or das.
  • Subject = Nominativ. Direct object = Akkusativ: {{Der Mann sieht den Hund.|The man sees the dog.}}
  • After sein and werden, stay in the Nominativ.
Dative and genitive
DativGenitiv
Questionwem?wessen?
Articlesdem, der, dem, dendes, der, des, der
Noun endingplural adds -n: den Kindernmasculine and neuter add -s/-es: des Mannes
Prepositionsmit, nach, aus, bei, von, zu, seitwegen, trotz, während, statt
Pronouns by job
CaseJobPronouns
Nominativdoerich, du, er
Akkusativdirect objectmich, dich, ihn
Dativto or for someonemir, dir, ihm

Reflexive pronouns

  • Only ich and du change: {{ich wasche mich|I wash myself}} but {{ich wasche mir die Hände|I wash my hands}}.
  • Wir and ihr use uns and euch, never sich.
  • helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören always take the Dativ: mir, not mich.
Comparing
FormRuleExample
Comparative-er + alsalt → älter als
Equalso … wieso groß wie
Superlativeam …-sten / der …-steam schönsten

Irregular and before a noun

  • gut → besser → am besten
  • viel → mehr → am meisten
  • gern → lieber → am liebsten
  • Before a noun the adjective needs an ending: {{ein neues Auto|a new car}}
Only the masculine changes in the accusative. Feminine, neuter and plural look the same in both cases.

Ich helfe ___ Mann. Dem or den? Dem. Helfen takes the Dativ.

How do you say "my father's car"? Das Auto meines Vaters.

Mark ist größer ___ Tom. Als or wie? Als. A comparative is followed by als.

What is the superlative of «viel»? Am meisten.

Wir freuen __. Uns or sich? Uns.

What you'll learn in Topic 3.4

  • 3.4.1 Gender, articles & the Nominative/Accusative
  • 3.4.2 Dative & Genitive cases
  • 3.4.3 Personal & reflexive pronouns
  • 3.4.4 Adjective endings, comparatives & superlatives
Suggested study order: Read the notes for each sub-topic below → test yourself with flashcards → attempt practice questions → review exam technique.

Study resources — 3.4 Cases, pronouns & adjectives

3.4.1

Gender, articles & the Nominative/Accusative

Notes
3.4.2

Dative & Genitive cases

Notes
3.4.3

Personal & reflexive pronouns

Notes
3.4.4

Adjective endings, comparatives & superlatives

Notes

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Topic 3.4 Cases, pronouns & adjectives forms a core part of Unit 3: Grammar in IB German B HL. Mastering these concepts will strengthen your understanding of connected topics across the syllabus and prepare you for exam questions that require analysis, evaluation, and real-world application.

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