Sustainable fisheries and marine protection

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One where fish are caught **no faster than they breed and replace themselves**, so the stock survives for the future.

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Catching fish **faster than they can breed**, so the stock shrinks and may collapse.

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The catch that can be taken each year **without shrinking the stock** — it equals what the stock replaces.

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A **legal limit** on how much of a species may be caught, keeping catches below the replacement rate.

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**Farming** fish or shellfish in pens, ponds or cages instead of catching wild stock — it takes pressure off wild fisheries.

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A zone of ocean where fishing and other activities are **restricted** to let life and habitats recover.

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Bigger net holes let **juvenile fish escape** so they can breed before being caught, replacing the stock.

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To protect **biodiversity**, enable **research**, support **ecotourism**, block oil/gas extraction, and allow **spillover** to restock nearby fisheries.

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The **Galapagos Marine Reserve** (Ecuador), the **Great Barrier Reef Marine Park** (Australia), or the **Ross Sea region MPA** (Antarctica).

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Healthy stocks protect **biodiversity** and keep ocean **food chains** intact, supporting the whole ecosystem.

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Secure **jobs, income and protein** for coastal communities — benefits that last because the stock lasts.

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**Successes AND limitations**, a **named MPA**, reference to alternatives + stakeholder conflict, and a clear **justified judgement**.