Managing coastal flooding, erosion and conflict

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The **wearing away and removal** of cliff or beach material by waves.

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The sea **covering low-lying land**, often during a **storm surge**.

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**Built defences** that resist the sea — sea walls, groynes, rock armour.

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**Working with nature** — beach nourishment, dune planting, salt marsh.

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Deliberately **letting the sea flood low land** instead of defending it, often making salt marsh.

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Any **person or group** with an interest in how the coast is used or protected.

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It traps/reflects sand, **starving the next beach down-drift**, so that community erodes faster and objects.

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It is cheap and sustainable but means **losing homes and farmland**, so residents and farmers resist it.

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Marine-park **zoning** separates fishing, diving and conservation; tourism, fishers and inland farmers (run-off) all clash over access.

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Mangroves are a natural storm defence, but locals clear them for shrimp ponds and firewood, weakening the very barrier that protects them.

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Defending one place harms another, money is limited, and **stakeholder power is unequal** — wealthy areas are defended first.

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Hard + soft + managed-retreat strategies, two+ stakeholder conflicts, their power/perspectives, a named coast, and a justified conclusion.