Back to Topic 4.3 — Human and physical influences on global interactions
4.3.1Geography HL12 flashcards

What speeds up or slows global interactions

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Card 1 of 124.3.1
4.3.1
Question

What is the shrinking world?

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All 12 Flashcards — What speeds up or slows global interactions

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Card 1definition

Question

What is the shrinking world?

Answer

The sense that places feel **closer** because faster transport and communications cut the **time and cost** of crossing the distance between them.

Card 2definition

Question

Define time-space convergence.

Answer

The **fall in travel time (and cost)** between two places as transport and communications technology improves.

Card 3concept

Question

Does the Earth actually get smaller in the shrinking world?

Answer

No — its real size is unchanged. What shrinks is the **friction of distance**: the time, cost and effort of crossing it.

Card 4definition

Question

Name the main transport technologies that shrank the world, in order.

Answer

Sail to **steamship** to **railway** to **jet airliner** (plus container shipping and high-speed rail).

Card 5definition

Question

Name the main communications technologies that shrank the world, in order.

Answer

The postal letter to the **telegraph** to the **telephone** to the **internet** and **social media**.

Card 6concept

Question

Why is the shrinking world uneven between people?

Answer

Because it depends on **access** to technology — the **digital divide** leaves poorer and remoter groups with a large, slow world.

Card 7definition

Question

What is a multi-government organisation (MGO)?

Answer

A body of cooperating governments that sets **shared rules** to smooth flows of trade, money and people across borders.

Card 8definition

Question

What is a free-trade zone or trade bloc?

Answer

An agreed area within which **tariffs and trade barriers are cut**, speeding the movement of goods and capital between members.

Card 9definition

Question

What is an export-processing zone (EPZ)?

Answer

A special industrial area offering **tax breaks and relaxed rules** to attract investment and accelerate export flows.

Card 10concept

Question

Name two forces that SPEED UP global interactions.

Answer

**MGOs** (shared rules) and **free-trade zones / EPZs** (cut tariffs, tax breaks) — both lower barriers to flows.

Card 11concept

Question

Name two forces that SLOW global interactions.

Answer

**Physical geography** (mountains, deserts, distance, isolation) and **poor access to technology** (the digital divide).

Card 12concept

Question

In one line, how do speeding and slowing forces interact?

Answer

Political and economic **structures decide how fast** flows move; **physical geography caps how far** they reach — so they interact rather than simply compete.

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