Tourism impacts and national strategies
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Question
What are the three strands of tourism impact?
Answer
**Economic**, **social** and **environmental** - and each can be **positive or negative**.
Question
Define the multiplier effect.
Answer
Visitor spending circulates: it pays **local wages** that are re-spent locally, creating **further jobs and income**.
Question
Define economic leakage.
Answer
The share of tourist spending that flows **out** of the destination - to foreign-owned hotels, airlines and TNCs.
Question
What is a national tourism strategy?
Answer
A country's planned use of tourism (ecotourism, heritage, mega-events) to drive **development**.
Question
Define ecotourism.
Answer
Small-scale, low-impact **nature tourism** that funds conservation and benefits local communities.
Question
Define carrying capacity (tourism).
Answer
The number of visitors a place can take **before** the experience or environment is damaged.
Question
What is a sphere of influence?
Answer
The **area a facility draws visitors from** - set by its threshold and range.
Question
Threshold vs range?
Answer
**Threshold** = the minimum users a facility needs to survive; **range** = the maximum distance people will travel to it.
Question
Give one positive and one negative ECONOMIC impact of tourism.
Answer
Positive: jobs + the multiplier effect. Negative: leakage to TNCs, rising rents, seasonal low-paid work.
Question
Why is Venice a case study of over-tourism?
Answer
Up to 20-30 million visitors vs ~50,000 residents; crowding and Airbnb raise rents, so it added a day-tripper entry fee.
Question
Why is Costa Rica a strong ecotourism case study?
Answer
Low-impact nature tourism funds **national parks** and rural jobs - a sustainable, low-leakage national strategy.
Question
What does a top [10] tourism essay need?
Answer
Costs AND benefits across strands, **named case studies**, accurate terms (multiplier, leakage), and a justified judgement.
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Topic 11.2 hub
Tourism and sport at the local and national scale
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