Topic 3.2 covers the mechanisms of evolution through natural selection, genetic variation, and speciation. Students study how populations change over time, the role of geographic isolation, and how new species form — connecting biological theory to conservation.
Key Idea: Human activity is driving a sixth mass extinction, through both direct and indirect impacts.
Tip: For an IUCN criterion use a directional word — 'declining population', not just 'population'. Invasive species harm natives by competition, predation and disease.
ESS is assessed through Paper 1 (case study) and Paper 2 (short answer & structured questions). Concepts from this topic may appear in either paper, often combined with data analysis or real-world examples.
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Start studying freeTopic 3.2 Human impact on biodiversity forms a core part of Unit 3: Biodiversity and Conservation in IB ESS. Mastering these concepts will strengthen your understanding of connected topics across the syllabus and prepare you for exam questions that require analysis, evaluation, and real-world application.
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