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NotesESSTopic 2.6Climate change
Back to ESS Topics
2.6.61 min read

Climate change

IB Environmental Systems and Societies • Unit 2

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Contents

  • What is climate change (ecosystem focus)?
  • Ecosystem impacts

🌡️ Climate change as a multiplier

Climate change changes temperatures, rainfall patterns, and the frequency of extreme weather events.

Ecosystems are adapted to specific climate conditions. When the climate changes rapidly, many species cannot adapt or migrate fast enough, leading to population declines.

Why this is a multiplier: Climate change is an indirect human impact because it does not usually remove organisms immediately. Instead, it alters environmental conditions, increasing stress on ecosystems and making energy capture and transfer through food webs less efficient.
Climate change adds stress to ecosystems and worsens the effects of other human impacts such as habitat loss, pollution, and overexploitation.

🌡️ Climate Change

Climate change = turning up Earth's thermostat with greenhouse gases.

__Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere but absorb and re-emit heat, reducing the amount of energy that escapes to space and warming the planet.__

  • Melting ice: Polar bears lose hunting grounds as Arctic ice shrinks 🐻‍❄️
  • Rising seas: Low-lying islands like Tuvalu are disappearing
  • Extreme weather: Stronger hurricanes, longer droughts, bigger wildfires
  • Shifting habitats: Species move toward poles or up mountains to stay cool
Climate change is a multiplier — it makes ALL other human impacts worse!

Related ESS Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

2.1.1Organisms and species
2.1.2 Identification of Organisms
2.1.3Populations
2.2.1Communities & ecosystems
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Spaced repetition flashcards for Climate change

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Command terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for ESS

IB Exam Questions on Climate change

Practice with IB-style questions filtered to Topic 2.6.6. Get instant AI feedback on every answer.

Practice Topic 2.6.6 QuestionsBrowse All ESS Topics

How Climate change Appears in IB Exams

Examiners use specific command terms when asking about this topic. Here's what to expect:

Define

Give the precise meaning of key terms related to Climate change.

AO1
Describe

Give a detailed account of processes or features in Climate change.

AO2
Explain

Give reasons WHY — cause and effect within Climate change.

AO3
Evaluate

Weigh strengths AND limitations of approaches in Climate change.

AO3
Discuss

Present arguments FOR and AGAINST with a balanced conclusion.

AO3

See the full IB Command Terms guide →

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2.6.5Invasive species
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