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All 12 Flashcards — Reactions of acids
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Question
What is neutralisation?
Answer
The reaction of an **acid with a base** to give a **salt and water**; the H⁺ and OH⁻ cancel out.
Question
What is a salt?
Answer
The ionic compound formed when the **H⁺** of an acid is replaced by a **metal ion** (or NH_{4}⁺).
Question
Acid + metal →
Answer
**salt + hydrogen** (e.g. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl_{2} + H_{2}).
Question
Acid + base →
Answer
**salt + water** (neutralisation; the base is a metal oxide or hydroxide).
Question
Acid + carbonate →
Answer
**salt + water + carbon dioxide** (e.g. 2HCl + CaCO_{3} → CaCl_{2} + H_{2}O + CO_{2}).
Question
Which salt does HCl make?
Answer
A **chloride** (e.g. NaCl, MgCl_{2}).
Question
Which salt does H_{2}SO_{4} make?
Answer
A **sulfate** (e.g. Na_{2}SO_{4}, MgSO_{4}).
Question
Which salt does HNO_{3} make?
Answer
A **nitrate** (e.g. NaNO_{3}, Ca(NO_{3})_{2}).
Question
Test for the gas from acid + metal?
Answer
**Hydrogen** gives a squeaky **'pop'** with a lit splint.
Question
Test for the gas from acid + carbonate?
Answer
**Carbon dioxide** turns **limewater milky** (cloudy).
Question
Why does H_{2}SO_{4} need two NaOH?
Answer
It is **diprotic** — it provides **two H⁺**, so it neutralises two 1+ bases: 2NaOH + H_{2}SO_{4} → Na_{2}SO_{4} + 2H_{2}O.
Question
How do you build a salt's formula?
Answer
Balance the **ionic charges** (e.g. Mg²⁺ with Cl⁻ → MgCl_{2}), then balance the whole equation.
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Full study notes for Reactions of acids
Topic 6.1 hub
Proton transfer reactions
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Chemistry exam skills
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