Concentration of solutions
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All 12 Flashcards — Concentration of solutions
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Question
What does concentration measure?
Answer
How much **solute** is dissolved in a given volume of **solution** — usually in **mol dm⁻³**.
Question
Formula linking amount, concentration and volume?
Answer
$n = CV$ — amount (mol) = concentration (mol dm⁻³) × volume (**dm³**).
Question
How do you find concentration from n and V?
Answer
Rearrange to $C = \dfrac{n}{V}$ — divide the amount in moles by the volume in dm³.
Question
Convert cm³ to dm³?
Answer
**Divide by 1000** (1 dm³ = 1000 cm³). E.g. 250 cm³ = 0.250 dm³.
Question
Convert mol dm⁻³ to g dm⁻³?
Answer
**Multiply by the molar mass M**: g dm⁻³ = mol dm⁻³ × M.
Question
What is the dilution equation?
Answer
$C_{1}V_{1} = C_{2}V_{2}$ — the amount of solute is unchanged when you add solvent.
Question
Why does C_{1}V_{1} = C_{2}V_{2} work?
Answer
Diluting only adds solvent, so the **moles of solute (n = CV) stay constant**.
Question
What does 1 ppm equal?
Answer
**1 mg dm⁻³** (1 part per million) — used for very dilute solutions.
Question
What is a standard solution?
Answer
A solution of **precisely known concentration**, made up in a **volumetric flask**.
Question
Biggest trap in concentration calculations?
Answer
Forgetting to convert the **volume from cm³ to dm³** (÷ 1000) before using n = CV.
Question
In dilution, what is V_{2}?
Answer
The **total** final volume. Water added = V_{2} − V_{1}.
Question
Steps to make a standard solution?
Answer
**Dissolve** the weighed solid → **transfer** to a volumetric flask (rinse beaker in) → **make up** to the mark → **invert** to mix.
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Full study notes for Concentration of solutions
Topic 1.4 hub
Counting particles by mass: the mole
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