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NotesItalian B HLTopic 3.4Prepositions & articulated forms
Back to Italian B HL Topics
3.4.34 min read

Prepositions & articulated forms

IB Italian B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Little words that link everything: A preposition (una preposizione) is a small word that connects other words — it tells you where, when, of whom or to whom. Italian has eight simple prepositions: di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra/fra. The special thing about Italian is that five of them (di, a, da, in, su) fuse with the definite article into a single word: di + il = del, a + la = alla, in + i = nei. These fused words are the preposizioni articolate (articulated prepositions).
la preposizione
the preposition — di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra/fra
la preposizione semplice
the simple preposition — used before a word with no article (a casa, in Italia)
la preposizione articolata
the articulated preposition — a preposition fused with a definite article (del, alla, nei)
l'articolo determinativo
the definite article — il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le
la fusione
the fusion — the joining of preposition + article into one word
di / a / da / in / su
the five prepositions that ALWAYS fuse with the article
Why it carries the marks: Prepositions appear in every sentence you read, hear and write. Picking the right one and fusing it correctly with the article («al mercato», not «a il mercato») is core Criterion A (Language) accuracy — an examiner spots «a il» or «di la» immediately. Learn the fusion grid once and reuse it everywhere.
The fusion grid: Five prepositions — di, a, da, in, su — fuse with the definite article. Take the article for the noun (il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le) and combine. Two spelling helpers: di and in change their vowel (di → de-, in → ne-), so di + il = del and in + il = nel; and before a vowel the article l' keeps its apostrophe (a + l'amico = all'amico). Con, per and tra/fra normally stay separate (con il, per la).
+ art.diadainsu
ildelaldalnelsul
lodelloallodallonellosullo
ladellaalladallanellasulla
l'dell'all'dall'nell'sull'
ideiaidaineisui
glidegliaglidaglineglisugli
ledellealledallenellesulle
Con, per, tra/fra stay apart: Only di, a, da, in, su fuse. Con and per stay separate in modern Italian («con il treno», «per la scuola» — the old fused «col» is now rare and optional). Tra/fra never fuses («tra i due amici»). So the safe rule is: fuse the five; keep con/per/tra/fra separate.

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Article or no article?: The rule is simple: if the noun has a definite article, you fuse; if it has no article, you use the simple preposition. Compare «Vado a scuola» (no article — general idea) with «Vado alla scuola di lingue» (specific school → «a + la = alla»). Each of the five prepositions also has its own core meanings, listed below.

Core meanings of the five

  • di — possession / origin / material — «il libro di Marco», «Sono di Roma», «un tavolo di legno»
  • a — place you're at/going to, time — «a casa», «alle otto», «Vado al cinema»
  • da — from / at someone's place / by (agent) — «Vengo da Milano», «Vado dal medico», «letto da tutti»
  • in — in / into / by (transport) — «in Italia», «nella borsa», «in treno»
  • su — on / about — «sul tavolo», «un libro sulla storia»
Fixed expressions keep the simple form: Many everyday phrases use the simple preposition with no article: «a casa» (at home), «a scuola», «in classe», «in centro», «in Italia», «a piedi». Learn these as set phrases — don't fuse them («a la casa» is wrong). You fuse only when a real article is present: «nella casa di mia zia».
A morning told with articulated prepositions: Here is a short everyday paragraph built one sentence at a time. Watch the fused forms (al, del, dal, nel, all', della, nello, alla, degli) and the plain ones (di casa, con, a piedi). Read it once for meaning, then tap Mostra traduzione for the English or 🔊 to hear it.
Una mattina in città: Il sabato mattina esco di casa presto e vado al mercato del mio quartiere. Compro la frutta dal fruttivendolo e il pane nel forno all'angolo della strada. Poi metto tutto nello zaino e torno a casa a piedi, sotto il sole. Nel pomeriggio studio con i miei amici alla biblioteca degli studenti. La sera parlo al telefono con mia nonna e le racconto della mia giornata.

IB-style task — le preposizioni in azione

Una mattina, frase per frase

  1. Il sabato mattina esco di casa presto e vado al mercato del mio quartiere.
  2. Compro la frutta dal fruttivendolo e il pane nel forno all'angolo della strada.
  3. Poi metto tutto nello zaino e torno a casa a piedi, sotto il sole.
  4. Nel pomeriggio studio con i miei amici alla biblioteca degli studenti.
  5. La sera parlo al telefono con mia nonna e le racconto della mia giornata.

Comprensione orale — la stanza di Giulia

Paper 2 tests listening: you hear a short clip and never see the words. Read the question first, then listen and reveal the answers. Notice every articulated preposition Giulia uses.

Ascolterai Giulia descrivere dove si trovano le sue cose nella sua stanza.

  1. Dove sono i libri di scuola? (Where are the school books?)
  2. Dove mette lo zaino? (Where does she put her backpack?)

Nella mia stanza c'è un grande scaffale. I libri di scuola sono sul secondo ripiano, e le foto degli amici stanno sulla parete accanto alla finestra. Il computer è sulla scrivania, vicino alla lampada. Metto sempre lo zaino dietro alla porta e le scarpe sotto al letto. Dalla finestra si vede il giardino dei vicini.

In my room there is a big shelf. My school books are on the second shelf, and the photos of my friends are on the wall next to the window. The computer is on the desk, near the lamp. I always put my backpack behind the door and my shoes under the bed. From the window you can see the neighbours' garden.

  1. Sul secondo ripiano dello scaffale.
  2. Dietro alla porta.
Steal this for your writing: Position words (sul, nel, dietro alla, sotto al, vicino alla) let you describe any place or routine. Learn a few fused forms with common nouns (al mercato, nella borsa, dal medico, degli amici) and you can locate anything — perfect for a description, an oral, or a Paper 1 email.

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The slips to watch for: Three mistakes dominate: writing the two words apart instead of fusing («a il» instead of al, «di la» instead of della); fusing con/per/tra which should stay separate («col la» — just write con la); and fusing a fixed phrase that takes no article («alla casa» instead of a casa). Compare the right version with the typical mistake and the fix becomes obvious.

Corretto

  • Vado al cinema con i miei amici.
  • Il libro è sulla scrivania della prof.
  • Resto a casa per studiare.

Errore frequente

  • Vado a il cinema con i miei amici.
  • Il libro è su la scrivania di la prof.
  • Resto alla casa per studiare.
Ask: is there an article, and which preposition?: Before you write a preposition, do two quick checks. 1. Is a definite article there? If yes and the preposition is di, a, da, in or su, fuse them into one word. 2. Is the preposition con, per or tra/fra? Keep it separate. And remember the fixed phrases (a casa, in centro, a scuola) take no article at all.

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Unisci la preposizione all'articolo e scrivi la forma articolata: (a) di + lo · (b) a + gli · (c) su + le · (d) in + l' · (e) da + la. [2 marks]

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3.1.1Present tense (regular verbs)
3.1.2Irregular present verbs
3.1.3Reflexive verbs
3.1.4Modal verbs
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