HomeIB ESSTopic 1.2

Systems

Topic 1.2 develops students' ability to use models and systems diagrams to represent environmental processes. Key concepts include positive and negative feedback loops, system transfers and transformations, and the limitations of models — tools used to structure exam responses across all ESS topics.

Study Topic 1.2: SystemsRead the complete notes with diagrams, key terms, and exam tips

IB ESS Question BankPractise exam-style questions for Topic 1.2 IB Command TermsLearn what examiners expect for Explain, Evaluate, Discuss…

IB ESS · Topic 1.2

Sub-topics in Topic 1.2

1.2.1Systems 1.2.2Storages and flows 1.2.3System diagrams 1.2.4Transfers and transformations 1.2.5Open and Closed Systems 1.2.6The Earth as a system 1.2.7Systems at different scales 1.2.8Negative feedback 1.2.9Stable equilibrium 1.2.10Positive feedback 1.2.11Tipping points 1.2.12Regime shifts 1.2.13Models 1.2.14Limits of models 1.2.15Emergent properties 1.2.16Resilience 1.2.17What makes a system resilient 1.2.18Humans and resilience