Unit 1: Foundations of ESS

Topic 1.2: Models, Systems and Loops Questions

Practice 20 exam-style questions for IB ESS Topic 1.2. Review the question stems below, then unlock the full Question Bank to access markschemes, model answers, and AI grading.

1define1 mark
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Define the term open system.
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21 mark
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A paragraph that describes how a system works (without a diagram) is a…
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3outline2 marks
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Outline two uses of models in environmental science.
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4define1 mark
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Define the term system boundary.
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51 mark
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Which is an example of a model?
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61 mark
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Which model shows change over time?
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71 mark
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Why are models used in environmental science?
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81 mark
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Which type of model uses arrows and shapes to show relationships?
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9outline4 marks
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Outline two examples of models used in ESS and what each shows.
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10define3 marks
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Define the term “model” in ESS.
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111 mark
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Which type of model mainly uses equations (for example y = mx + b)?
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121 mark
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Which statement best defines a model in ESS?
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131 mark
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Which model best shows feeding relationships?
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141 mark
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Which statement about models is correct?
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15define1 mark
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Define the term storage (stock) in a systems model.
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161 mark
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Which type of model predicts future climate conditions?
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17explain3 marks
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Explain one limitation of environmental models.
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18outline3 marks
2026vault
Outline what is meant by dynamic equilibrium in a systems model.
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191 mark
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Why do scientists choose what to include in a model?
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20explain3 marks
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Explain what is meant by the “trade-off” in models.
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