Key Idea: Topic 1.4 is about whether human life and economies can continue **without exceeding Earth’s limits**. Exams usually want you to link **environment ↔ society ↔ economy**.
✅ Sustainability (triple bottom line)
Fast exam test: If nature/society/economy cannot **bounce back** after shocks → it is not sustainable.
⚖️ Environmental justice
In longer answers, show a chain: **inequality → higher exposure/less protection → worse health/income → inequality grows** (reinforcing feedback).
🌍 Sustainable development & indicators
👣 Footprints (key calculations idea)
If **ecological footprint > biocapacity** → **biocapacity deficit** (unsustainable).
🎯 SDGs (how to write this in exams)
Evaluation rule: write **one strength + one limitation**, then conclude with a balanced judgement.