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All 15 Flashcards — Environmental Justice
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Question
Define environmental justice.
Answer
Fair access to a safe environment and resources, and fair distribution of environmental benefits and harms.
💡 Hint
Who benefits vs who pays.
Question
Environmental justice: exam definition?
Answer
Right to a safe environment plus fair access to resources and fair distribution of harms/benefits.
💡 Hint
Fairness.
Question
How can trade shift environmental harm?
Answer
High consumption in one region can cause extraction, pollution, and waste in another region.
💡 Hint
Consumption vs production places.
Question
Why are benefits from resource extraction often unequal?
Answer
Profits and power are often concentrated elsewhere, while local communities bear pollution and health costs.
💡 Hint
Profit vs cost split.
Question
Environmental justice is mainly about what question?
Answer
Fairness: who benefits from resource use and who bears the costs/risks.
💡 Hint
Fairness question.
Question
What is the key lens question for justice answers?
Answer
Who consumes, who profits, and who cleans up or suffers the damage?
💡 Hint
3 questions.
Question
Why can production be located in places with weaker rules?
Answer
Lower labour costs and weaker environmental regulation can reduce costs, but increase local environmental damage.
💡 Hint
Cost-cutting.
Question
How can inequality worsen environmental harm over time?
Answer
Reinforcing feedback: wealth → more influence/opportunity → more wealth; vulnerable groups face higher exposure.
💡 Hint
Reinforcing loop.
Question
How can inequality grow without intervention?
Answer
Reinforcing loop: wealth → influence/opportunity → more wealth; harms concentrate in vulnerable groups.
💡 Hint
Reinforcing loop.
Question
What is regulatory capture?
Answer
When powerful businesses/individuals influence regulators so rules serve them rather than the public/environment.
💡 Hint
Power influences rules.
Question
Define regulatory capture (one line).
Answer
When regulators act in the interests of powerful groups rather than environmental protection/public good.
💡 Hint
Captured regulator.
Question
Give one “clothing and waste” justice example.
Answer
High consumption creates textile waste; disposal/export can pollute land/water and burden low-income communities.
💡 Hint
Who consumes vs who dumps.
Question
What 3 fairness ideas define “just” policy?
Answer
Fair decision-making, fair outcomes, and shared responsibility for costs and benefits.
💡 Hint
Process + outcome + responsibility.
Question
At what scales does environmental justice apply?
Answer
From individual and community to national and global scales.
💡 Hint
Local → global.
Question
How do you structure a 6–9 mark justice answer fast?
Answer
Define justice → explain unequal impacts/power → apply to a real context (trade/waste/pollution/climate).
💡 Hint
Definition → inequality → example.
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Topic 1.4 hub
Sustainability
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