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Private and public limited companies

IB Business Management • Unit 1

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🔒 Private Limited Companies (Ltd)

Big Idea: A private limited company sells shares privately to selected people. Shares cannot be bought on a public stock exchange.

Key features

  • Owned by shareholders with limited liability
  • Shares sold privately to family, friends or investors
  • Separate legal identity from owners
  • Shareholders’ personal assets are protected
  • Legal continuity — company continues if owners change

📈 Public Limited Companies (PLC)

Big Idea: A public limited company sells shares on a stock exchange where anyone can buy them.

Key features

  • Shares traded on a public stock exchange
  • Anyone can buy shares
  • Limited liability for shareholders
  • Separate legal identity
  • Must publish financial accounts
  • Risk of hostile takeover

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