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NotesMath AITopic 4.7Building probability distributions
Back to Math AI Topics
4.7.21 min read

Building probability distributions

IB Mathematics: Applications and Interpretation · Unit 4

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Contents

  1. 1Count coin outcomes
  2. 2Two dice: keep the larger number
  3. 3A coin and a die
  4. 4Exam-style question

Build a distribution from 3 coin tosses

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Two dice: keep the larger number

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A coin and a die

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The same method works for wheels: Grey: keep the number. Gold: add the bonus. Example: a score of 3 can come from grey + 3 or gold + 1 when the bonus is 2. Count the matching pairs, then divide by the total number of pairs.

Exam-style question

Try it, then check

Toss two fair coins. X counts heads. Build its distribution. [3]

Step by step

  1. List all equally likely outcomes: TT, HT, TH, HH.
  2. Group by heads: 0 from TT; 1 from HT or TH; 2 from HH.

Final answer

P(X=0)=1/4, P(X=1)=1/2, P(X=2)=1/4. Their sum is 1.

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Two cards are selected independently, with replacement, from a set numbered 1 to 8.

Each number is equally likely.

X is the larger of the two selected numbers.

Complete the probability distribution in the table.
[2 marks]

Related Math AI Topics

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4.1.1Population and Samples4.1.2Data Classification4.1.3Sampling Techniques4.1.4Data Reliability and Outliers
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Improve your exam techniqueCommand terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for Math AI
Previous4.7.1Discrete random variables & probability distributionsNextExpected value4.7.3

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