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NotesItalian BTopic 3.5Connectors & cohesion
Back to Italian B Topics
3.5.16 min read

Connectors & cohesion

IB Italian B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
The glue between your ideas: Connectors (i connettivi) are the little words that join ideas so your Italian reads as one flowing text, not a list of separate sentences. They do four jobs: add an idea (inoltre), contrast two ideas (però), give a reason (perché), and show sequence (poi). Using them well is how you score Criterion A (Language) and make a text cohesive.
JobItalian connectorsEnglish
Add (aggiungere)inoltre, anche, ebesides, also, and
Contrast (contrastare)però, ma, tuttaviabut, however, yet
Cause / reason (causa)perché, poiché, siccomebecause, since, as
Sequence (sequenza)prima, poi, dopo, infinefirst, then, after, finally
Consequence (conseguenza)quindi, perciò, alloraso, therefore, then
Why it carries the marks: A text with no connectors reads like a shopping list and caps your Criterion A mark. Two or three well-placed connectors in every paragraph instantly lift a piece of writing — and they cost you nothing to learn.

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Where each connector sits: Most Italian connectors go between the two ideas they join. A few habits matter: ma and però both mean 'but', but ma usually starts the clause while però can also come later; perché introduces a reason and needs a full verb after it; poi and inoltre often open the second sentence.
ConnectorPositionExample (Italian)
ma / peròjoins two clauses ('but')Studio molto, ma mi diverto anche.
perchébefore the reason ('because')Sono stanco perché ho dormito poco.
prima… poistart of each stepPrima mangio, poi studio.
inoltreopens an added ideaGioco a calcio. Inoltre, nuoto.
quindi / perciòbefore the consequencePiove, quindi resto a casa.
ma vs però: ma and però both mean 'but'. Use ma to start the contrasting clause: «Vorrei uscire, ma piove.» Use però the same way, or drop it later in the clause for emphasis: «Vorrei uscire; oggi, però, piove.» Never use both together.

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Match the connector to the idea: Pick the connector that fits the relationship between your ideas. Adding another point? Use inoltre or anche. Turning to the opposite side? Use però or tuttavia. Explaining why? Use perché. Telling the order of events? Use prima… poi… infine.

Which connector, and when

  • Addition — «Mi piace leggere. Inoltre, scrivo un diario.» (besides)
  • Contrast — «Vorrei viaggiare, però non ho soldi.» (but)
  • Cause — «Non esco perché fa freddo.» (because)
  • Sequence — «Prima faccio i compiti, poi guardo la TV.» (first… then)
  • Consequence — «Ho finito tutto, quindi sono libero.» (so)

Senza connettivi (choppy)

  • Studio molto. Sono stanco. Voglio riposarmi.
  • Mi piace lo sport. Non ho tempo.

Con connettivi (cohesive)

  • Studio molto, perciò sono stanco e voglio riposarmi.
  • Mi piace lo sport, però non ho tempo.
Vary them: Don't repeat the same connector. If you've used e twice, reach for inoltre or poi instead. A range of connectors is what Criterion A rewards — not the same one on every line.
A short text held together by connectors: Here's a mini-blog about studying languages. Notice how every connector does a job — contrast, sequence, cause, addition. Tap the audio button to hear it, or Mostra traduzione if you get stuck.
Come imparo le lingue: Mi piace molto studiare le lingue, però all'inizio non era facile. Prima ripetevo le parole ad alta voce; poi le scrivevo su un quaderno. Studio ogni giorno perché voglio parlare bene l'italiano. Inoltre guardo film italiani, quindi imparo anche le espressioni di tutti i giorni.

IB-style task — trova i connettivi

Un connettivo alla volta

  1. Contrast — «Mi piace studiare le lingue, però all'inizio non era facile.» → però opposes the two ideas ('but').
  2. Sequence — «Prima ripetevo le parole… poi le scrivevo…» → prima… poi order the steps ('first… then').
  3. Cause — «Studio ogni giorno perché voglio parlare bene.» → perché gives the reason ('because').
  4. Addition + consequence — «Inoltre guardo film italiani, quindi imparo…» → inoltre adds ('besides'), quindi draws the result ('so').

Modello: costruisci un paragrafo con i connettivi

Il paragrafo, connettivo dopo connettivo

  1. Adoro cucinare, però non ho molto tempo durante la settimana.
  2. Prima scelgo una ricetta semplice, poi compro solo gli ingredienti necessari.
  3. Cucino il fine settimana perché è il momento in cui sono più tranquilla.
  4. Inoltre invito degli amici, quindi mangiamo insieme e ci divertiamo.
Steal this pattern: Contrast → sequence → cause → addition is a reliable recipe for a cohesive paragraph. Learn a couple of connectors for each job and you'll never write a choppy text again.

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The slips to watch for: Most connector mistakes come from mixing up jobs or piling two connectors together. Learn to spot these before the exam.
WrongRightWhy
Sono stanco, e però ho finito.Sono stanco, però ho finito.Don't stack «e» + «però» — one connector is enough.
Studio perché di voglio imparare.Studio perché voglio imparare.«Perché» is followed directly by the verb — no «di».
Poi fa freddo, resto a casa.Siccome fa freddo, resto a casa.For a reason at the start, use «siccome/poiché», not «poi».
Mi piace, inoltre non ho tempo.Mi piace, però non ho tempo.That's a contrast — use «però», not the adding word «inoltre».
Ask: what's the relationship?: Before you drop in a connector, ask yourself: am I adding, contrasting, giving a reason, or showing order? Choose the connector that matches that job — and never use two connectors for the same join.

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Unisci le due frasi con un connettivo adatto: «Fa molto freddo.» + «Non esco di casa.» Scrivi una sola frase. [2 marks]

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3.1.1Present tense (regular verbs)
3.1.2Irregular present verbs
3.1.3Reflexive verbs
3.1.4Modal verbs
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