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IB Italian B SL — All Flashcards

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1316 flashcards
Card 1 of 13161.1.1
1.1.1
Question

lo stile di vita

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Card 11.1.1definition
Question

lo stile di vita

Answer

lifestyle

Card 21.1.1definition
Question

la routine quotidiana

Answer

the daily routine

Card 31.1.1definition
Question

il ritmo di vita

Answer

the pace of life

Card 41.1.1definition
Question

alzarsi presto

Answer

to get up early

Card 51.1.1definition
Question

il benessere

Answer

well-being

Card 61.1.1definition
Question

condurre una vita sana

Answer

to live a healthy life

Card 71.1.1definition
Question

l'equilibrio tra vita e lavoro

Answer

work-life balance

Card 81.1.1definition
Question

staccare (dagli schermi)

Answer

to switch off (from screens)

Card 91.1.1definition
Question

essere stressato/a

Answer

to be stressed

Card 101.1.1definition
Question

la vita sedentaria

Answer

a sedentary life

Card 111.1.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 121.1.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 131.1.1concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 141.1.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 151.1.2definition
Question

la salute

Answer

health

Card 161.1.2definition
Question

il benessere

Answer

well-being

Card 171.1.2definition
Question

l'alimentazione (sana)

Answer

(healthy) diet / eating

Card 181.1.2definition
Question

dormire a sufficienza

Answer

to sleep enough

Card 191.1.2definition
Question

fare movimento / fare sport

Answer

to exercise / to do sport

Card 201.1.2definition
Question

la salute mentale

Answer

mental health

Card 211.1.2definition
Question

prendersi cura di sé

Answer

to look after yourself

Card 221.1.2definition
Question

essere in forma

Answer

to be fit / in shape

Card 231.1.2definition
Question

le abitudini sane

Answer

healthy habits

Card 241.1.2definition
Question

lo stress / essere stressato/a

Answer

stress / to be stressed

Card 251.1.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Penso che sia importante…

Card 261.1.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 271.1.2concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 281.1.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 291.1.3definition
Question

la credenza / la convinzione

Answer

belief / conviction

Card 301.1.3definition
Question

il valore (i valori)

Answer

value (values)

Card 311.1.3definition
Question

il principio

Answer

principle

Card 321.1.3definition
Question

la tolleranza — tollerante

Answer

tolerance — tolerant

Card 331.1.3definition
Question

il rispetto — rispettare

Answer

respect — to respect

Card 341.1.3definition
Question

l'onestà

Answer

honesty

Card 351.1.3definition
Question

la generosità

Answer

generosity

Card 361.1.3definition
Question

condividere i valori

Answer

to share values

Card 371.1.3definition
Question

giudicare (gli altri)

Answer

to judge (others)

Card 381.1.3definition
Question

convivere / la convivenza

Answer

to live together / coexistence

Card 391.1.3definition
Question

essere credente / non credente

Answer

to be a believer / non-believer

Card 401.1.3concept
Question

How do you introduce a tolerant view in Italian?

Answer

Rispetto l'idea che… anche se… / Penso che sia importante rispettare…

Card 411.1.3concept
Question

Which tone does this sensitive topic reward?

Answer

Tolerant and non-judgemental — respect beliefs, never attack them.

Card 421.1.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 431.1.4definition
Question

la sottocultura

Answer

subculture

Card 441.1.4definition
Question

la tribù urbana

Answer

urban tribe (youth subculture)

Card 451.1.4definition
Question

appartenere a (un gruppo)

Answer

to belong to (a group)

Card 461.1.4definition
Question

l'identità

Answer

identity

Card 471.1.4definition
Question

esprimersi

Answer

to express oneself

Card 481.1.4definition
Question

la passione

Answer

passion, hobby

Card 491.1.4definition
Question

lo stile / l'estetica

Answer

style / look, aesthetic

Card 501.1.4definition
Question

integrarsi

Answer

to fit in

Card 511.1.4definition
Question

sentirsi accettato/a

Answer

to feel accepted

Card 521.1.4definition
Question

la comunità online

Answer

online community

Card 531.1.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 541.1.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 551.1.4concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 561.1.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 571.1.5definition
Question

la lingua madre / la madrelingua

Answer

mother tongue / native language

Card 581.1.5definition
Question

il dialetto

Answer

dialect

Card 591.1.5definition
Question

essere bilingue / plurilingue

Answer

to be bilingual / multilingual

Card 601.1.5definition
Question

l'identità (culturale)

Answer

(cultural) identity

Card 611.1.5definition
Question

le radici

Answer

roots (origins)

Card 621.1.5definition
Question

il senso di appartenenza

Answer

the sense of belonging

Card 631.1.5definition
Question

la lingua minoritaria

Answer

a minority language

Card 641.1.5definition
Question

mescolare le lingue

Answer

to mix languages (code-switching)

Card 651.1.5definition
Question

tramandare (una lingua)

Answer

to pass on / hand down (a language)

Card 661.1.5definition
Question

essere fiero/a di

Answer

to be proud of

Card 671.1.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 681.1.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 691.1.5concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 701.1.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 711.2.1definition
Question

il tempo libero

Answer

free time

Card 721.2.1definition
Question

il passatempo

Answer

pastime

Card 731.2.1definition
Question

l'hobby

Answer

hobby

Card 741.2.1definition
Question

praticare uno sport

Answer

to do a sport

Card 751.2.1definition
Question

uscire con gli amici

Answer

to go out with friends

Card 761.2.1definition
Question

divertirsi

Answer

to have fun / to enjoy oneself

Card 771.2.1definition
Question

rilassarsi

Answer

to relax

Card 781.2.1definition
Question

suonare uno strumento

Answer

to play an instrument

Card 791.2.1definition
Question

fare una passeggiata

Answer

to go for a walk

Card 801.2.1definition
Question

annoiarsi

Answer

to get bored

Card 811.2.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 821.2.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 831.2.1concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 841.2.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 851.2.2definition
Question

il viaggio

Answer

the trip / journey

Card 861.2.2definition
Question

le vacanze

Answer

the holidays / vacation

Card 871.2.2definition
Question

la meta / la destinazione

Answer

the destination

Card 881.2.2definition
Question

prenotare (un volo / un albergo)

Answer

to book (a flight / a hotel)

Card 891.2.2definition
Question

fare le valigie

Answer

to pack (the suitcases)

Card 901.2.2definition
Question

l'alloggio (l'ostello, l'agriturismo)

Answer

accommodation (hostel, farm stay)

Card 911.2.2definition
Question

il turismo di massa

Answer

mass tourism

Card 921.2.2definition
Question

viaggiare in modo responsabile

Answer

to travel responsibly

Card 931.2.2definition
Question

scoprire posti nuovi

Answer

to discover new places

Card 941.2.2definition
Question

godersi il percorso

Answer

to enjoy the journey

Card 951.2.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 961.2.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 971.2.2concept
Question

Which register suits a travel blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 981.2.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 991.2.3definition
Question

la storia di vita

Answer

life story

Card 1001.2.3definition
Question

nascere / la nascita

Answer

to be born / birth

Card 1011.2.3definition
Question

crescere

Answer

to grow up

Card 1021.2.3definition
Question

l'infanzia

Answer

childhood

Card 1031.2.3definition
Question

trasferirsi

Answer

to move (house / city)

Card 1041.2.3definition
Question

sposarsi

Answer

to get married

Card 1051.2.3definition
Question

una tappa della vita

Answer

a stage of life

Card 1061.2.3definition
Question

un cambiamento

Answer

a change

Card 1071.2.3definition
Question

affrontare una difficoltà

Answer

to face a difficulty

Card 1081.2.3definition
Question

realizzare un sogno

Answer

to fulfil a dream

Card 1091.2.3concept
Question

Which two past tenses tell a life story?

Answer

Imperfetto (background: era, viveva) + passato (events: nacque, si sposò).

Card 1101.2.3concept
Question

Give two time connectors for narrating a life.

Answer

da bambino/a (as a child), a vent'anni (at twenty) — also: in seguito, alla fine.

Card 1111.2.3concept
Question

How do you say 'was born' about a woman in Italian?

Answer

«è nata» (passato prossimo) or «nacque» (passato remoto).

Card 1121.2.3concept
Question

How do you close a life-story article for marks?

Answer

With a reflective lesson: «La sua storia mi insegna che…».

Card 1131.2.4definition
Question

il rito di passaggio

Answer

rite of passage

Card 1141.2.4definition
Question

la tappa della vita

Answer

stage of life

Card 1151.2.4definition
Question

una pietra miliare / un traguardo

Answer

milestone

Card 1161.2.4definition
Question

diventare grande / crescere

Answer

to grow up

Card 1171.2.4definition
Question

la maggiore età

Answer

coming of age / legal adulthood

Card 1181.2.4definition
Question

il diploma / la cerimonia di diploma

Answer

school-leaving / graduation ceremony

Card 1191.2.4definition
Question

andarsene di casa

Answer

to move out of home

Card 1201.2.4definition
Question

diventare indipendente

Answer

to become independent

Card 1211.2.4definition
Question

una svolta

Answer

a turning point

Card 1221.2.4definition
Question

un momento indimenticabile

Answer

an unforgettable moment

Card 1231.2.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Penso che…

Card 1241.2.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 1251.2.4concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 1261.2.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1271.2.5definition
Question

la tradizione

Answer

tradition

Card 1281.2.5definition
Question

il costume / l'usanza

Answer

custom

Card 1291.2.5definition
Question

la festa / la celebrazione

Answer

festival / celebration

Card 1301.2.5definition
Question

il santo patrono

Answer

the patron saint

Card 1311.2.5definition
Question

la sagra

Answer

a local food festival

Card 1321.2.5definition
Question

i piatti tipici

Answer

typical dishes

Card 1331.2.5definition
Question

la sfilata / il corteo

Answer

the parade / procession

Card 1341.2.5definition
Question

tramandare

Answer

to hand down (from generation to generation)

Card 1351.2.5definition
Question

festeggiare / celebrare

Answer

to celebrate

Card 1361.2.5definition
Question

il patrimonio culturale

Answer

cultural heritage

Card 1371.2.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 1381.2.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 1391.2.5concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 1401.2.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1411.2.6definition
Question

la migrazione / migrare

Answer

migration / to migrate

Card 1421.2.6definition
Question

emigrare / immigrare

Answer

to emigrate (leave) / to immigrate (arrive)

Card 1431.2.6definition
Question

il paese d'origine

Answer

the country of origin

Card 1441.2.6definition
Question

il paese d'accoglienza

Answer

the host country

Card 1451.2.6definition
Question

integrarsi

Answer

to integrate

Card 1461.2.6definition
Question

le radici

Answer

one's roots

Card 1471.2.6definition
Question

la diversità culturale

Answer

cultural diversity

Card 1481.2.6definition
Question

sentire la mancanza di

Answer

to miss (a person / place)

Card 1491.2.6definition
Question

adattarsi (a)

Answer

to adapt (to)

Card 1501.2.6definition
Question

il pregiudizio / la discriminazione

Answer

prejudice / discrimination

Card 1511.2.6concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 1521.2.6concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 1531.2.6concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, warm and personal.

Card 1541.2.6concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1551.3.1definition
Question

il divertimento

Answer

entertainment / fun

Card 1561.3.1definition
Question

lo spettacolo

Answer

show / performance

Card 1571.3.1definition
Question

il concerto

Answer

concert

Card 1581.3.1definition
Question

il film

Answer

film / movie

Card 1591.3.1definition
Question

la serie (TV)

Answer

(TV) series

Card 1601.3.1definition
Question

il videogioco

Answer

video game

Card 1611.3.1definition
Question

divertirsi

Answer

to have fun

Card 1621.3.1definition
Question

divertente

Answer

entertaining / fun

Card 1631.3.1definition
Question

noioso/a

Answer

boring

Card 1641.3.1definition
Question

consigliare

Answer

to recommend

Card 1651.3.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 1661.3.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 1671.3.1concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 1681.3.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1691.3.2definition
Question

l'espressione artistica

Answer

artistic expression

Card 1701.3.2definition
Question

l'opera (d'arte)

Answer

the work (of art)

Card 1711.3.2definition
Question

il quadro / il dipinto

Answer

the painting

Card 1721.3.2definition
Question

la mostra / l'esposizione

Answer

the exhibition

Card 1731.3.2definition
Question

il museo / la galleria d'arte

Answer

the museum / the art gallery

Card 1741.3.2definition
Question

il capolavoro

Answer

the masterpiece

Card 1751.3.2definition
Question

la pennellata

Answer

the brushstroke

Card 1761.3.2definition
Question

trasmettere un'emozione

Answer

to convey an emotion

Card 1771.3.2definition
Question

commuovere

Answer

to move (emotionally)

Card 1781.3.2definition
Question

esprimersi

Answer

to express oneself

Card 1791.3.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 1801.3.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 1811.3.2concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 1821.3.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1831.3.3definition
Question

i media / i mezzi di comunicazione

Answer

the media

Card 1841.3.3definition
Question

le notizie

Answer

the news

Card 1851.3.3definition
Question

la stampa (digitale / cartacea)

Answer

the (digital / print) press

Card 1861.3.3definition
Question

il/la giornalista

Answer

the journalist

Card 1871.3.3definition
Question

i social / le reti sociali

Answer

social media / social networks

Card 1881.3.3definition
Question

informarsi (su / di)

Answer

to get informed (about)

Card 1891.3.3definition
Question

condividere un post

Answer

to share a post

Card 1901.3.3definition
Question

verificare l'informazione

Answer

to check the information

Card 1911.3.3definition
Question

la fonte

Answer

the (information) source

Card 1921.3.3definition
Question

le notizie false / le fake news

Answer

fake news

Card 1931.3.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 1941.3.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, sebbene.

Card 1951.3.3concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 1961.3.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1971.3.4definition
Question

la tecnologia

Answer

technology

Card 1981.3.4definition
Question

il dispositivo / l'apparecchio

Answer

the device / gadget

Card 1991.3.4definition
Question

l'applicazione (l'app)

Answer

the app

Card 2001.3.4definition
Question

il tempo davanti allo schermo

Answer

screen time

Card 2011.3.4definition
Question

i social (network)

Answer

social media

Card 2021.3.4definition
Question

la notifica

Answer

the notification

Card 2031.3.4definition
Question

essere connesso/a

Answer

to be connected / online

Card 2041.3.4definition
Question

scaricare

Answer

to download

Card 2051.3.4definition
Question

l'intelligenza artificiale (l'IA)

Answer

artificial intelligence (AI)

Card 2061.3.4definition
Question

la dipendenza (dal cellulare)

Answer

(phone) addiction

Card 2071.3.4definition
Question

la privacy / i dati personali

Answer

privacy / personal data

Card 2081.3.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 2091.3.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2101.3.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2111.3.5definition
Question

l'innovazione scientifica

Answer

scientific innovation

Card 2121.3.5definition
Question

la scoperta

Answer

the discovery

Card 2131.3.5definition
Question

l'invenzione

Answer

the invention

Card 2141.3.5definition
Question

la ricerca scientifica

Answer

scientific research

Card 2151.3.5definition
Question

lo scienziato / la scienziata

Answer

the scientist

Card 2161.3.5definition
Question

l'intelligenza artificiale (l'IA)

Answer

artificial intelligence (AI)

Card 2171.3.5definition
Question

il progresso tecnologico

Answer

technological progress

Card 2181.3.5definition
Question

migliorare la vita

Answer

to improve life

Card 2191.3.5definition
Question

usare con responsabilità

Answer

to use responsibly

Card 2201.3.5definition
Question

affidabile

Answer

reliable

Card 2211.3.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 2221.3.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2231.3.5concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 2241.3.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2251.4.1definition
Question

la relazione / il rapporto

Answer

the relationship

Card 2261.4.1definition
Question

l'amicizia

Answer

friendship

Card 2271.4.1definition
Question

la famiglia / i parenti

Answer

the family / relatives

Card 2281.4.1definition
Question

il migliore amico / la migliore amica

Answer

the best friend

Card 2291.4.1definition
Question

andare d'accordo (con)

Answer

to get on well (with)

Card 2301.4.1definition
Question

litigare / il litigio

Answer

to argue / an argument

Card 2311.4.1definition
Question

la fiducia

Answer

trust

Card 2321.4.1definition
Question

il rispetto

Answer

respect

Card 2331.4.1definition
Question

sostenersi / aiutarsi a vicenda

Answer

to support / help each other

Card 2341.4.1definition
Question

tenersi in contatto

Answer

to keep in touch

Card 2351.4.1definition
Question

chiedere scusa / fare pace

Answer

to apologise / to make up

Card 2361.4.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 2371.4.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2381.4.1concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for friends?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 2391.4.2definition
Question

la comunità

Answer

community

Card 2401.4.2definition
Question

il quartiere

Answer

neighbourhood / district

Card 2411.4.2definition
Question

il vicino / la vicina

Answer

neighbour

Card 2421.4.2definition
Question

gli spazi comuni

Answer

shared / public spaces

Card 2431.4.2definition
Question

fare volontariato

Answer

to volunteer

Card 2441.4.2definition
Question

l'associazione (di quartiere)

Answer

the (local) association

Card 2451.4.2definition
Question

il senso di appartenenza

Answer

a sense of belonging

Card 2461.4.2definition
Question

aiutarsi a vicenda

Answer

to help one another

Card 2471.4.2definition
Question

l'orto di quartiere

Answer

the community garden

Card 2481.4.2definition
Question

la solidarietà

Answer

solidarity

Card 2491.4.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 2501.4.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2511.4.2concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 2521.4.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2531.4.3definition
Question

l'impegno sociale

Answer

social engagement / involvement

Card 2541.4.3definition
Question

fare volontariato

Answer

to volunteer

Card 2551.4.3definition
Question

il/la volontario/a

Answer

the volunteer

Card 2561.4.3definition
Question

l'associazione (di volontariato)

Answer

the (voluntary) association / charity

Card 2571.4.3definition
Question

la comunità / il quartiere

Answer

the community / the neighbourhood

Card 2581.4.3definition
Question

dare una mano

Answer

to lend a hand

Card 2591.4.3definition
Question

la solidarietà

Answer

solidarity

Card 2601.4.3definition
Question

la raccolta fondi

Answer

the fundraiser / fundraising

Card 2611.4.3definition
Question

fare la differenza

Answer

to make a difference

Card 2621.4.3definition
Question

sentirsi utile

Answer

to feel useful

Card 2631.4.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Sono convinto/a che…

Card 2641.4.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2651.4.3concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 2661.4.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2671.4.4definition
Question

l'istruzione

Answer

education

Card 2681.4.4definition
Question

la materia

Answer

(school) subject

Card 2691.4.4definition
Question

l'esame — superare un esame

Answer

the exam — to pass an exam

Card 2701.4.4definition
Question

il voto

Answer

the mark / grade

Card 2711.4.4definition
Question

i compiti

Answer

homework

Card 2721.4.4definition
Question

imparare a memoria

Answer

to learn by heart

Card 2731.4.4definition
Question

ripassare

Answer

to revise

Card 2741.4.4definition
Question

il compagno / la compagna di classe

Answer

classmate

Card 2751.4.4definition
Question

l'università — laurearsi

Answer

university — to graduate

Card 2761.4.4definition
Question

la borsa di studio

Answer

scholarship

Card 2771.4.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Penso che sia importante…

Card 2781.4.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2791.4.4concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 2801.4.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2811.4.5definition
Question

il mondo del lavoro

Answer

the working world

Card 2821.4.5definition
Question

il lavoro / l'impiego

Answer

job / employment

Card 2831.4.5definition
Question

cercare lavoro

Answer

to look for work

Card 2841.4.5definition
Question

il colloquio di lavoro

Answer

the job interview

Card 2851.4.5definition
Question

il curriculum (vitae)

Answer

the CV / résumé

Card 2861.4.5definition
Question

candidarsi a un posto

Answer

to apply for a position

Card 2871.4.5definition
Question

lo stage / il tirocinio

Answer

the internship / work placement

Card 2881.4.5definition
Question

lo stipendio

Answer

the salary

Card 2891.4.5definition
Question

l'orario di lavoro

Answer

the working hours

Card 2901.4.5definition
Question

essere disoccupato/a

Answer

to be unemployed

Card 2911.4.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Per me, la cosa più importante è…

Card 2921.4.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 2931.4.5concept
Question

Which register suits a letter of application?

Answer

Formal — 'Lei', with «Gentile…» and «Cordiali saluti».

Card 2941.4.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2951.4.6definition
Question

la legge

Answer

the law

Card 2961.4.6definition
Question

la regola / la norma

Answer

the rule

Card 2971.4.6definition
Question

il diritto

Answer

the right

Card 2981.4.6definition
Question

il dovere

Answer

the duty / obligation

Card 2991.4.6definition
Question

il cittadino / la cittadina

Answer

the citizen

Card 3001.4.6definition
Question

la giustizia

Answer

justice

Card 3011.4.6definition
Question

giusto — ingiusto

Answer

fair — unfair

Card 3021.4.6definition
Question

rispettare (le regole)

Answer

to respect (the rules)

Card 3031.4.6definition
Question

partecipare

Answer

to take part / participate

Card 3041.4.6definition
Question

la convivenza

Answer

living together / coexistence

Card 3051.4.6concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 3061.4.6concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

però (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 3071.4.6concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 3081.4.6concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3091.5.1definition
Question

l'ambiente

Answer

the environment

Card 3101.5.1definition
Question

l'inquinamento

Answer

pollution

Card 3111.5.1definition
Question

il cambiamento climatico

Answer

climate change

Card 3121.5.1definition
Question

i rifiuti

Answer

waste / rubbish

Card 3131.5.1definition
Question

la raccolta differenziata

Answer

recycling (sorting waste)

Card 3141.5.1definition
Question

riciclare

Answer

to recycle

Card 3151.5.1definition
Question

la plastica usa e getta

Answer

single-use plastic

Card 3161.5.1definition
Question

risparmiare acqua / energia

Answer

to save water / energy

Card 3171.5.1definition
Question

le energie rinnovabili

Answer

renewable energy

Card 3181.5.1definition
Question

proteggere l'ambiente

Answer

to protect the environment

Card 3191.5.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 3201.5.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 3211.5.1concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 3221.5.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3231.5.2definition
Question

i diritti umani

Answer

human rights

Card 3241.5.2definition
Question

il diritto (a qualcosa)

Answer

the right (to something)

Card 3251.5.2definition
Question

la libertà

Answer

freedom

Card 3261.5.2definition
Question

l'uguaglianza / la parità

Answer

equality / equal rights

Card 3271.5.2definition
Question

la giustizia

Answer

justice

Card 3281.5.2definition
Question

la discriminazione

Answer

discrimination

Card 3291.5.2definition
Question

la dignità

Answer

dignity

Card 3301.5.2definition
Question

battersi per qualcosa

Answer

to stand up for something

Card 3311.5.2definition
Question

firmare la petizione

Answer

to sign the petition

Card 3321.5.2definition
Question

la libertà di espressione

Answer

freedom of speech

Card 3331.5.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Penso che…

Card 3341.5.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 3351.5.2concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 3361.5.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3371.5.3definition
Question

la pace

Answer

peace

Card 3381.5.3definition
Question

il conflitto / lo scontro

Answer

the conflict / clash

Card 3391.5.3definition
Question

litigare / la lite

Answer

to argue / the argument

Card 3401.5.3definition
Question

il dialogo / dialogare

Answer

dialogue / to talk things through

Card 3411.5.3definition
Question

la mediazione / il mediatore

Answer

mediation / the mediator

Card 3421.5.3definition
Question

la tolleranza

Answer

tolerance

Card 3431.5.3definition
Question

il rispetto / rispettare

Answer

respect / to respect

Card 3441.5.3definition
Question

convivere / la convivenza

Answer

to live together / coexistence

Card 3451.5.3definition
Question

risolvere un conflitto

Answer

to resolve a conflict

Card 3461.5.3definition
Question

raggiungere un accordo

Answer

to reach an agreement

Card 3471.5.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Penso che…

Card 3481.5.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, invece di.

Card 3491.5.3concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 3501.5.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3511.5.4definition
Question

l'uguaglianza / la parità

Answer

equality

Card 3521.5.4definition
Question

la disuguaglianza

Answer

inequality

Card 3531.5.4definition
Question

la discriminazione

Answer

discrimination

Card 3541.5.4definition
Question

la diversità

Answer

diversity

Card 3551.5.4definition
Question

l'inclusione

Answer

inclusion

Card 3561.5.4definition
Question

il pregiudizio

Answer

prejudice

Card 3571.5.4definition
Question

i diritti

Answer

rights

Card 3581.5.4definition
Question

il divario retributivo

Answer

the pay gap

Card 3591.5.4definition
Question

escludere / emarginare

Answer

to exclude / to marginalise

Card 3601.5.4definition
Question

trattare tutti allo stesso modo

Answer

to treat everyone equally

Card 3611.5.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 3621.5.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 3631.5.4concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 3641.5.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3651.5.5definition
Question

la globalizzazione

Answer

globalization

Card 3661.5.5definition
Question

il commercio internazionale

Answer

international trade

Card 3671.5.5definition
Question

la marca globale

Answer

the global brand

Card 3681.5.5definition
Question

la catena di fast food

Answer

the fast-food chain

Card 3691.5.5definition
Question

il negozio locale

Answer

local business

Card 3701.5.5definition
Question

lo scambio culturale

Answer

cultural exchange

Card 3711.5.5definition
Question

l'identità

Answer

identity

Card 3721.5.5definition
Question

la disuguaglianza

Answer

inequality

Card 3731.5.5definition
Question

il consumo

Answer

consumption

Card 3741.5.5definition
Question

sostenere il locale

Answer

to support what is local

Card 3751.5.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 3761.5.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 3771.5.5concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 3781.5.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3791.5.6definition
Question

l'etica / etico

Answer

ethics / ethical

Card 3801.5.6definition
Question

il dilemma (morale)

Answer

a (moral) dilemma

Card 3811.5.6definition
Question

il valore (i valori)

Answer

value(s)

Card 3821.5.6definition
Question

l'onestà — onesto

Answer

honesty — honest

Card 3831.5.6definition
Question

la responsabilità — responsabile

Answer

responsibility — responsible

Card 3841.5.6definition
Question

il dovere

Answer

duty

Card 3851.5.6definition
Question

la coscienza

Answer

conscience

Card 3861.5.6definition
Question

giusto / ingiusto

Answer

fair / unfair

Card 3871.5.6definition
Question

il consumo responsabile

Answer

responsible consumption

Card 3881.5.6definition
Question

il commercio equo e solidale

Answer

fair trade

Card 3891.5.6definition
Question

lo sfruttamento

Answer

exploitation

Card 3901.5.6concept
Question

How do you argue both sides in Italian?

Answer

Da un lato… dall'altro lato… (on the one hand… on the other hand…).

Card 3911.5.6concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 3921.5.6concept
Question

What single thing most improves Criterion B on an ethics task?

Answer

Weigh up BOTH sides, then take a clear position.

Card 3931.5.7definition
Question

la città — la campagna

Answer

the city — the countryside

Card 3941.5.7definition
Question

il paese

Answer

the village / small town

Card 3951.5.7definition
Question

il quartiere

Answer

the neighbourhood / district

Card 3961.5.7definition
Question

lo spopolamento (delle campagne)

Answer

rural depopulation

Card 3971.5.7definition
Question

trasferirsi

Answer

to move (house)

Card 3981.5.7definition
Question

i mezzi pubblici

Answer

public transport

Card 3991.5.7definition
Question

il traffico — l'inquinamento

Answer

traffic — pollution

Card 4001.5.7definition
Question

l'aria pulita

Answer

clean air

Card 4011.5.7definition
Question

la tranquillità — il rumore

Answer

peace and quiet — noise

Card 4021.5.7definition
Question

fare il pendolare

Answer

to commute

Card 4031.5.7concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 4041.5.7concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: inoltre, anche se.

Card 4051.5.7concept
Question

Which register suits a blog for other students?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly and personal.

Card 4061.5.7concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 4072.1.1definition
Question

l'email/la lettera informale

Answer

the informal email/letter

Card 4082.1.1definition
Question

il destinatario

Answer

the recipient (who you write to)

Card 4092.1.1definition
Question

il mittente

Answer

the sender (who writes)

Card 4102.1.1definition
Question

l'oggetto

Answer

the subject line

Card 4112.1.1definition
Question

il saluto iniziale

Answer

the opening greeting

Card 4122.1.1definition
Question

la formula di chiusura

Answer

the sign-off / closing

Card 4132.1.1definition
Question

dare del tu

Answer

to use the informal 'you' (tu)

Card 4142.1.1definition
Question

Ti scrivo perche...

Answer

I'm writing because...

Card 4152.1.1definition
Question

Fammi sapere al piu presto.

Answer

Let me know as soon as possible.

Card 4162.1.1definition
Question

Un abbraccio, / A presto!

Answer

A hug, / See you soon!

Card 4172.1.1concept
Question

Which pronoun form does an informal email use?

Answer

'tu' (informal), never 'Lei' (formal).

Card 4182.1.1concept
Question

Name the five parts of an informal email.

Answer

Greeting -> friendly opener -> reason -> details/request -> sign-off + name.

Card 4192.1.1concept
Question

Give one informal opening and one closing.

Answer

Open: «Ciao Marco! Come stai?» · Close: «Un abbraccio, a presto!»

Card 4202.1.1concept
Question

Which Paper 1 criterion rewards using the right text type?

Answer

Criterion C — Conceptual understanding (conventions + register).

Card 4212.1.2definition
Question

il post del blog

Answer

the blog post (entry)

Card 4222.1.2definition
Question

il titolo

Answer

the headline / title (often a question)

Card 4232.1.2definition
Question

l'aggancio iniziale / l'introduzione

Answer

the hook / the intro

Card 4242.1.2definition
Question

la voce personale

Answer

the personal, opinionated voice

Card 4252.1.2definition
Question

i commenti

Answer

the comments (readers reply below)

Card 4262.1.2definition
Question

Ciao a tutti!

Answer

Hi everyone! (public greeting)

Card 4272.1.2definition
Question

Oggi voglio raccontarvi…

Answer

Today I want to tell you about…

Card 4282.1.2definition
Question

E voi, che ne pensate?

Answer

And what about you, what do you think?

Card 4292.1.2definition
Question

Vi racconto la mia esperienza…

Answer

Let me tell you about my experience…

Card 4302.1.2definition
Question

Alla prossima!

Answer

See you next time! (upbeat close)

Card 4312.1.2concept
Question

Which register does a blog use?

Answer

Informal but public — «voi» (tu), a lively personal voice; never formal «Lei».

Card 4322.1.2concept
Question

Name the five parts of a blog post.

Answer

Catchy title → hook/intro → body → question to readers → upbeat close.

Card 4332.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the blog's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — catchy title, personal voice, question to readers, consistent register.

Card 4342.1.2concept
Question

Give one blog hook and one blog close.

Answer

Hook: «Ciao a tutti! Oggi voglio raccontarvi…» Close: «E voi, che ne pensate? Alla prossima!»

Card 4352.1.3definition
Question

il diario (personale)

Answer

the (personal) diary

Card 4362.1.3definition
Question

la pagina di diario

Answer

the entry (one dated piece)

Card 4372.1.3definition
Question

la data

Answer

the date (every entry begins with one)

Card 4382.1.3definition
Question

il registro intimo

Answer

intimate register (io, first person)

Card 4392.1.3definition
Question

Caro diario,

Answer

Dear diary, (the opening)

Card 4402.1.3definition
Question

Oggi è stata una giornata…

Answer

Today was a … day.

Card 4412.1.3definition
Question

Mi sento…

Answer

I feel… (happy / sad / nervous)

Card 4422.1.3definition
Question

Non riesco a smettere di pensare a…

Answer

I can't stop thinking about…

Card 4432.1.3definition
Question

Domani spero…

Answer

Tomorrow I hope…

Card 4442.1.3definition
Question

Buonanotte, diario.

Answer

Good night, diary.

Card 4452.1.3concept
Question

Which register does a personal diary use?

Answer

Intimate — first person (io), a private reflective tone; no reader is addressed.

Card 4462.1.3concept
Question

Name the five parts of a personal diary entry.

Answer

Date → opening (Caro diario) → what happened → feelings & reflection → looking ahead / close.

Card 4472.1.3concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the diary's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — the date, «Caro diario», intimate register, reflection.

Card 4482.1.3concept
Question

Give one diary opening and one diary close.

Answer

Opening: «Caro diario, oggi è stata una giornata…» Close: «Domani spero… Buonanotte, diario.»

Card 4492.1.4definition
Question

il post / pubblicare un post

Answer

the post / to post

Card 4502.1.4definition
Question

il follower / i follower

Answer

the follower / followers

Card 4512.1.4definition
Question

il commento / commentare

Answer

the comment / to comment

Card 4522.1.4definition
Question

condividere

Answer

to share

Card 4532.1.4definition
Question

taggare qualcuno

Answer

to tag someone

Card 4542.1.4definition
Question

la didascalia

Answer

the caption

Card 4552.1.4definition
Question

coinvolgere il pubblico

Answer

to engage the audience

Card 4562.1.4definition
Question

diventare virale

Answer

to go viral

Card 4572.1.4definition
Question

l'invito ad agire / la call to action

Answer

the call to action

Card 4582.1.4definition
Question

mettere un «mi piace»

Answer

to give a like

Card 4592.1.4concept
Question

Name three conventions of a social media post.

Answer

A hook, direct address to the reader, and a call to action (plus emojis/hashtags).

Card 4602.1.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / Mi sembra che…

Card 4612.1.4concept
Question

Which register suits a post for other young people?

Answer

Informal — tu/voi, friendly, lively and personal.

Card 4622.1.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 4632.2.1definition
Question

la lettera formale

Answer

the formal letter

Card 4642.2.1definition
Question

Gentile Direttore,

Answer

Dear Manager, (formal opening formula)

Card 4652.2.1definition
Question

Egregio Signore,

Answer

Dear Sir, (formal opening to an unknown man)

Card 4662.2.1definition
Question

Distinti saluti,

Answer

Yours faithfully, (formal closing formula)

Card 4672.2.1definition
Question

Le scrivo in merito a…

Answer

I am writing regarding… (state your purpose)

Card 4682.2.1definition
Question

Le sarei grato/a se…

Answer

I would be grateful if… (polite request)

Card 4692.2.1definition
Question

Resto in attesa di una Sua risposta.

Answer

I await your reply.

Card 4702.2.1definition
Question

La ringrazio anticipatamente.

Answer

I thank you in advance.

Card 4712.2.1definition
Question

il rimborso

Answer

the refund

Card 4722.2.1definition
Question

segnalare

Answer

to report / point out

Card 4732.2.1concept
Question

Which courtesy form does a formal letter use?

Answer

The formal 'Lei' (Le scrivo, La ringrazio, una Sua risposta) — never 'tu'.

Card 4742.2.1concept
Question

List the 5 parts of a formal letter, in order.

Answer

Opening formula → purpose → argument (body) → polite request → closing formula + name.

Card 4752.2.1concept
Question

Where does a formal letter state its purpose?

Answer

In the first line/paragraph — «Le scrivo per…» / «La contatto in merito a…».

Card 4762.2.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 4772.2.2definition
Question

la relazione / il rapporto

Answer

the report

Card 4782.2.2definition
Question

il sondaggio / l'indagine

Answer

the survey

Card 4792.2.2definition
Question

i risultati / i dati

Answer

the findings / the data

Card 4802.2.2definition
Question

la raccomandazione / la proposta

Answer

the recommendation / the proposal

Card 4812.2.2definition
Question

il miglioramento

Answer

the improvement

Card 4822.2.2definition
Question

esaminare

Answer

to examine / investigate

Card 4832.2.2definition
Question

proporre dei miglioramenti

Answer

to propose improvements

Card 4842.2.2definition
Question

obiettivo / oggettivo / impersonale

Answer

factual / objective / impersonal

Card 4852.2.2concept
Question

How do you open the aim of a report?

Answer

«L'obiettivo di questa relazione è esaminare / presentare…»

Card 4862.2.2concept
Question

How do you introduce findings impersonally?

Answer

«In base ai dati, si constata che…» / «Secondo il sondaggio…»

Card 4872.2.2concept
Question

How do you make a recommendation in a report?

Answer

«Si raccomanda di…» / «È opportuno…» — never «devi…!»

Card 4882.2.2concept
Question

How do you conclude a report?

Answer

«In conclusione, si può affermare che…» — a short, objective summary.

Card 4892.2.2concept
Question

Which register suits a report?

Answer

Formal, neutral and impersonal — facts, not feelings; avoid «io penso».

Card 4902.2.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 4912.2.3definition
Question

la proposta — proporre

Answer

the proposal — to propose

Card 4922.2.3definition
Question

l'obiettivo (di questa proposta)

Answer

the aim (of this proposal)

Card 4932.2.3definition
Question

la dirigenza / l'autorità

Answer

the school management / the authority

Card 4942.2.3definition
Question

mi rivolgo a Lei

Answer

I am writing / turning to you (formal)

Card 4952.2.3definition
Question

propongo che… (+ congiuntivo)

Answer

I propose that…

Card 4962.2.3definition
Question

La prego di approvare…

Answer

I ask you to approve…

Card 4972.2.3definition
Question

giustificare — la giustificazione

Answer

to justify — the justification

Card 4982.2.3definition
Question

per queste ragioni

Answer

for these reasons

Card 4992.2.3definition
Question

in anticipo

Answer

in advance

Card 5002.2.3definition
Question

Distinti saluti

Answer

Yours sincerely (formal sign-off)

Card 5012.2.3concept
Question

Which register does a proposal use, and why?

Answer

Formal & persuasive (Lei) — you address an authority to convince them to approve a plan.

Card 5022.2.3concept
Question

Name the four proposal conventions.

Answer

Title · aim · justified plan · final request (with formal sign-off).

Card 5032.2.3concept
Question

How do you make a proposed measure score well?

Answer

Pair every measure with a reason/benefit: «Propongo…, dato che…».

Card 5042.2.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5052.2.4definition
Question

le istruzioni

Answer

a set of instructions

Card 5062.2.4definition
Question

il titolo

Answer

the title (says what to make/do)

Card 5072.2.4definition
Question

il passaggio / il passo

Answer

the step

Card 5082.2.4definition
Question

l'imperativo

Answer

the imperative (command form: sbuccia, aggiungi)

Card 5092.2.4definition
Question

l'avvertenza / il consiglio

Answer

the warning / a tip to be careful

Card 5102.2.4definition
Question

Prima di iniziare, ti servono…

Answer

Before you start, you need …

Card 5112.2.4definition
Question

Per prima cosa… Poi…

Answer

First … Next …

Card 5122.2.4definition
Question

Dopo… Infine…

Answer

Then … Finally …

Card 5132.2.4definition
Question

Assicurati di…

Answer

Make sure you …

Card 5142.2.4definition
Question

Fai attenzione a…

Answer

Be careful with …

Card 5152.2.4concept
Question

Which register does a set of instructions use?

Answer

A command register — imperative (sbuccia) or infinitive (sbucciare); precise, ordered, direct; never tentative. The verb comes first.

Card 5162.2.4concept
Question

Name the five parts of a set of instructions.

Answer

Title → what you need → ordered steps → tip/warning → encouraging close.

Card 5172.2.4concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the instructions' conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — title, list of what's needed, ordered steps, consistent command form.

Card 5182.2.4concept
Question

Give two sequence connectors for the steps.

Answer

«Per prima cosa…» and «Poi…» (also «Dopo…», «Infine…»).

Card 5192.3.1definition
Question

l'articolo

Answer

the article

Card 5202.3.1definition
Question

il titolo

Answer

the headline / title

Card 5212.3.1definition
Question

l'attacco / l'aggancio

Answer

the hook / opening

Card 5222.3.1definition
Question

il corpo / lo svolgimento

Answer

the body (main part)

Card 5232.3.1definition
Question

la conclusione

Answer

the conclusion / closing

Card 5242.3.1definition
Question

informare e intrattenere

Answer

to inform and entertain

Card 5252.3.1definition
Question

il pubblico / i lettori

Answer

the readership / audience

Card 5262.3.1definition
Question

il sottotitolo

Answer

the subheading

Card 5272.3.1definition
Question

la citazione

Answer

the quotation

Card 5282.3.1definition
Question

in breve

Answer

in short / to sum up

Card 5292.3.1concept
Question

Which features must an article have?

Answer

A catchy headline, a hook, developed body points and a rounded conclusion — and NO greeting or sign-off.

Card 5302.3.1concept
Question

Which register suits an article?

Answer

Semi-formal and lively for a general readership (not «Ciao!», not «Cordiali saluti»).

Card 5312.3.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to develop an article.

Answer

inoltre (on top of that / besides); in realtà (in fact) — also: tuttavia, perciò, quindi.

Card 5322.3.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5332.3.2definition
Question

la rubrica d'opinione / l'editoriale

Answer

the opinion column

Card 5342.3.2definition
Question

la posizione / il punto di vista

Answer

the stance / point of view

Card 5352.3.2definition
Question

il titolo

Answer

the headline / title

Card 5362.3.2definition
Question

l'argomento — argomentare

Answer

the argument — to argue

Card 5372.3.2definition
Question

la domanda retorica

Answer

the rhetorical question

Card 5382.3.2definition
Question

convincere — convincente

Answer

to convince — persuasive

Card 5392.3.2definition
Question

il punto di vista opposto / la controargomentazione

Answer

the opposing view / counter-argument

Card 5402.3.2definition
Question

il tono persuasivo

Answer

the persuasive tone

Card 5412.3.2definition
Question

prendere posizione / schierarsi

Answer

to take a stance / take sides

Card 5422.3.2definition
Question

essere fermamente convinto/a che…

Answer

to be firmly convinced that…

Card 5432.3.2concept
Question

How do you state an opinion in Italian?

Answer

Secondo me… / Dal mio punto di vista… / È evidente che…

Card 5442.3.2concept
Question

How does an opinion column differ from a news report?

Answer

Column: first person, a clear stance, persuasive tone. Report: third person, neutral, only facts.

Card 5452.3.2concept
Question

Name two opinion-column conventions that score Criterion C.

Answer

A hook headline (often a question) and a clear, persuasive first-person stance.

Card 5462.3.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5472.3.3definition
Question

la recensione / la critica

Answer

the review / critique

Card 5482.3.3definition
Question

la trama

Answer

the plot / storyline

Card 5492.3.3definition
Question

il personaggio

Answer

the character

Card 5502.3.3definition
Question

il/la regista

Answer

the director

Card 5512.3.3definition
Question

lo stile scorrevole

Answer

the flowing (readable) style

Card 5522.3.3definition
Question

il pregio — il difetto

Answer

the strength — the flaw

Card 5532.3.3definition
Question

consigliare / sconsigliare

Answer

to recommend / to advise against

Card 5542.3.3definition
Question

coinvolgente — deludente

Answer

gripping — disappointing

Card 5552.3.3definition
Question

vale la pena (vederlo)

Answer

it's worth (seeing it)

Card 5562.3.3definition
Question

dare quattro stelle su cinque

Answer

to give four stars out of five

Card 5572.3.3concept
Question

What are the 5 steps of a review?

Answer

Title → present the work → plot (no spoilers) → verdict (a strength + a flaw) → recommendation.

Card 5582.3.3concept
Question

Give two evaluation phrases for a review.

Answer

«Ciò che mi è piaciuto di più è…» (what I liked most) and «L'unico difetto è…» (the only flaw).

Card 5592.3.3concept
Question

Which register suits a review for a school newspaper?

Answer

Semi-formal and evaluative, first person — describe, judge, recommend.

Card 5602.3.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5612.3.4definition
Question

l'intervista / il colloquio

Answer

the interview / the conversation

Card 5622.3.4definition
Question

l'intervistato/a / l'ospite

Answer

the interviewee / the guest

Card 5632.3.4definition
Question

presentare qualcuno

Answer

to introduce someone

Card 5642.3.4definition
Question

fare una domanda / porre una domanda

Answer

to ask a question

Card 5652.3.4definition
Question

dare del Lei — dare del tu

Answer

to address with 'Lei' — with 'tu'

Card 5662.3.4definition
Question

ringraziare (qualcuno)

Answer

to thank (someone)

Card 5672.3.4definition
Question

per concludere / in chiusura

Answer

to finish / in closing

Card 5682.3.4definition
Question

dare un consiglio

Answer

to give advice

Card 5692.3.4definition
Question

cortese / educato

Answer

polite

Card 5702.3.4definition
Question

la sfida

Answer

the challenge

Card 5712.3.4concept
Question

Which three conventions identify an interview?

Answer

An introduction of the guest, question–answer pairs, and a closing thank-you.

Card 5722.3.4concept
Question

Which register suits an interview with a respected guest?

Answer

Semi-formal — Lei, polite and warm, kept consistent.

Card 5732.3.4concept
Question

How do you OPEN and CLOSE an interview in Italian?

Answer

Open: «Oggi parliamo con…». Close: «Per concludere, la ringraziamo per il suo tempo.»

Card 5742.3.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5752.3.5definition
Question

il discorso

Answer

the speech

Card 5762.3.5definition
Question

tenere un discorso

Answer

to give a speech

Card 5772.3.5definition
Question

il pubblico / gli ascoltatori

Answer

the audience / the listeners

Card 5782.3.5definition
Question

il saluto iniziale

Answer

the greeting / opening address

Card 5792.3.5definition
Question

l'aggancio / l'introduzione

Answer

the hook / the opening

Card 5802.3.5definition
Question

la domanda retorica

Answer

the rhetorical question

Card 5812.3.5definition
Question

convincere

Answer

to convince / to persuade

Card 5822.3.5definition
Question

invitare (a) / esortare (a)

Answer

to call on / to urge (to)

Card 5832.3.5definition
Question

l'appello / la chiamata all'azione

Answer

the appeal / the call to action

Card 5842.3.5definition
Question

Grazie mille per la vostra attenzione.

Answer

Thank you for your attention.

Card 5852.3.5concept
Question

How do you greet your audience in a speech to peers?

Answer

«Cari compagni e care compagne, …» — informal, direct (voi/vi).

Card 5862.3.5concept
Question

Name two signposting connectors for a speech.

Answer

primo … secondo … (firstly … secondly …); also: infine, inoltre, perciò.

Card 5872.3.5concept
Question

What is a good hook for a speech?

Answer

A rhetorical question to the audience: «Quanti di voi …?»

Card 5882.3.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5892.3.6definition
Question

il dépliant / l'opuscolo

Answer

the brochure / leaflet

Card 5902.3.6definition
Question

lo slogan

Answer

the slogan / catchy line

Card 5912.3.6definition
Question

il titolo

Answer

the headline / title

Card 5922.3.6definition
Question

l'invito all'azione

Answer

the call to action

Card 5932.3.6definition
Question

Scopri…! / Vieni a…!

Answer

Discover…! / Come to…! (hook)

Card 5942.3.6definition
Question

Che cosa ti offriamo?

Answer

What do we offer you?

Card 5952.3.6definition
Question

Quando e dove: …

Answer

When and where: …

Card 5962.3.6definition
Question

Non aspettare oltre, iscriviti subito!

Answer

Don't wait any longer, sign up now!

Card 5972.3.6definition
Question

Unisciti a noi.

Answer

Join us.

Card 5982.3.6definition
Question

il registro persuasivo

Answer

persuasive register

Card 5992.3.6concept
Question

Which register does a brochure use?

Answer

Persuasive and practical — short sentences, direct appeals, concrete details; not academic.

Card 6002.3.6concept
Question

Name the five parts of a brochure.

Answer

Title/slogan → intro → sections with headings → practical details → call to action.

Card 6012.3.6concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the brochure's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — title/slogan, bullet-point sections, call to action.

Card 6022.3.6concept
Question

Give one brochure hook and one call to action.

Answer

Hook: «Scopri…!» Call to action: «Iscriviti subito!»

Card 6032.3.7definition
Question

il servizio giornalistico / la notizia

Answer

the news report / news item

Card 6042.3.7definition
Question

il titolo

Answer

the headline

Card 6052.3.7definition
Question

l'attacco / il lead

Answer

the opening sentence with the key facts

Card 6062.3.7definition
Question

il corpo dell'articolo

Answer

the body of the report

Card 6072.3.7definition
Question

la fonte

Answer

the source

Card 6082.3.7definition
Question

la citazione (fra virgolette)

Answer

the quote (in quotation marks)

Card 6092.3.7definition
Question

il portavoce / la portavoce

Answer

the spokesperson

Card 6102.3.7definition
Question

dichiarare / affermare

Answer

to state / to declare

Card 6112.3.7definition
Question

secondo (gli organizzatori)

Answer

according to (the organisers)

Card 6122.3.7definition
Question

raccogliere fondi

Answer

to raise funds

Card 6132.3.7concept
Question

Which four questions should a news-report lead answer?

Answer

Chi? Che cosa? Quando? Dove? (Who, what, when, where.)

Card 6142.3.7concept
Question

What register does a news report use?

Answer

Objective — third person, past tense, no personal opinion.

Card 6152.3.7concept
Question

Name two reporting verbs to attribute a quote.

Answer

dichiarare (to state), spiegare (to explain) — also affermare, annunciare.

Card 6162.3.7concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 6172.3.8definition
Question

il saggio (argomentativo)

Answer

the (argumentative) essay

Card 6182.3.8definition
Question

l'argomento (a favore / contro)

Answer

the argument (for / against)

Card 6192.3.8definition
Question

l'introduzione

Answer

the introduction

Card 6202.3.8definition
Question

il corpo centrale

Answer

the main body

Card 6212.3.8definition
Question

la conclusione

Answer

the conclusion

Card 6222.3.8definition
Question

soppesare

Answer

to weigh up (the arguments)

Card 6232.3.8definition
Question

il/la sostenitore/sostenitrice

Answer

the supporter / advocate

Card 6242.3.8definition
Question

il/la critico/critica

Answer

the critic

Card 6252.3.8definition
Question

oggettivo / impersonale

Answer

objective / impersonal

Card 6262.3.8definition
Question

un'opinione motivata

Answer

a reasoned opinion

Card 6272.3.8concept
Question

How do you frame an essay topic impersonally?

Answer

Oggi si discute se… (Today there is debate about whether…)

Card 6282.3.8concept
Question

Give the connector pair for weighing two sides.

Answer

da un lato… dall'altro lato… (on the one hand… on the other hand…)

Card 6292.3.8concept
Question

Which register suits an essay?

Answer

Formal and impersonal — objective, weighing both sides, no slang.

Card 6302.3.8concept
Question

Where does the writer's opinion go in an essay?

Answer

In the conclusion: «In conclusione, ritengo che…» — after both sides are weighed.

Card 6313.1.1definition
Question

parlare → io / tu / lui

Answer

io parlo · tu parli · lui parla — regular -are verb

Card 6323.1.1definition
Question

scrivere → io / tu / lui

Answer

io scrivo · tu scrivi · lui scrive — regular -ere verb

Card 6333.1.1definition
Question

dormire → io / tu / lui

Answer

io dormo · tu dormi · lui dorme — regular -ire verb

Card 6343.1.1definition
Question

capire → io / loro

Answer

io capisco · loro capiscono — an -isc- verb

Card 6353.1.1definition
Question

parlare → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi parliamo · voi parlate · loro parlano

Card 6363.1.1definition
Question

scrivere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi scriviamo · voi scrivete · loro scrivono

Card 6373.1.1definition
Question

dormire → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi dormiamo · voi dormite · loro dormono

Card 6383.1.1definition
Question

preferire → io / voi

Answer

io preferisco · voi preferite (an -isc- verb; voi stays plain)

Card 6393.1.1concept
Question

What are the io / tu / noi endings for all three groups?

Answer

-o (io), -i (tu), -iamo (noi) — the same for -are, -ere and -ire.

Card 6403.1.1concept
Question

How do you form the stem of a regular verb?

Answer

Take the infinitive and drop -are/-ere/-ire: parlare → parl-, scrivere → scriv-, dormire → dorm-.

Card 6413.1.1concept
Question

What is the loro ending for -ere and -ire verbs?

Answer

-ono: loro scrivono, loro dormono (not -ano, which is for -are: loro parlano).

Card 6423.1.1concept
Question

Which verbs add -isc-, and in which persons?

Answer

Many -ire verbs (capire, finire, preferire) add -isc- for io/tu/lui/loro; noi and voi stay plain (capiamo, capite).

Card 6433.1.1concept
Question

Do you have to use the subject pronoun in Italian?

Answer

No — the ending shows who acts, so you usually drop it: «parlo», not «io parlo», unless you stress who.

Card 6443.1.1concept
Question

Does Italian have a separate «-ing» present?

Answer

No — «parlo» means both «I speak» and «I am speaking»; the present also covers the near future.

Card 6453.1.2definition
Question

essere → io / tu / lui

Answer

io sono · tu sei · lui è (to be)

Card 6463.1.2definition
Question

essere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi siamo · voi siete · loro sono

Card 6473.1.2definition
Question

avere → io / tu / lui

Answer

io ho · tu hai · lui ha (silent h)

Card 6483.1.2definition
Question

avere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi abbiamo · voi avete · loro hanno

Card 6493.1.2definition
Question

andare → io / tu / loro

Answer

io vado · tu vai · loro vanno (to go)

Card 6503.1.2definition
Question

fare → io / noi / loro

Answer

io faccio · noi facciamo · loro fanno (to do/make)

Card 6513.1.2definition
Question

uscire → io / lui / loro

Answer

io esco · lui esce · loro escono (to go out)

Card 6523.1.2definition
Question

venire → io / lui / loro

Answer

io vengo · lui viene · loro vengono (to come)

Card 6533.1.2definition
Question

potere / volere / dovere → io

Answer

io posso · io voglio · io devo (+ infinitive)

Card 6543.1.2definition
Question

capire (-isc-) → io / lui / loro

Answer

io capisco · lui capisce · loro capiscono (only noi/voi have no -isc-)

Card 6553.1.2concept
Question

Which verb does Italian use for age?

Answer

«avere» — «Ho sedici anni» (I'm sixteen), never «Sono sedici anni».

Card 6563.1.2concept
Question

How do you say «I'm hungry / thirsty» in Italian?

Answer

«Ho fame» / «Ho sete» — «avere» + the noun, not «essere».

Card 6573.1.2concept
Question

What follows a modal verb (posso, voglio, devo)?

Answer

The infinitive: «Posso venire», «Devo studiare», «Voglio uscire».

Card 6583.1.2concept
Question

Which four persons take -isc- in verbs like «finire»?

Answer

io, tu, lui/lei and loro (finisco, finisci, finisce, finiscono); noi/voi do NOT (finiamo, finite).

Card 6593.1.3definition
Question

alzarsi → io / tu / lui

Answer

mi alzo · ti alzi · si alza (to get up)

Card 6603.1.3definition
Question

lavarsi → io / tu / lui

Answer

mi lavo · ti lavi · si lava (to wash)

Card 6613.1.3definition
Question

svegliarsi → io / noi

Answer

mi sveglio · ci svegliamo (to wake up)

Card 6623.1.3definition
Question

divertirsi → loro / voi

Answer

si divertono · vi divertite (to have fun)

Card 6633.1.3definition
Question

chiamarsi → io / tu

Answer

mi chiamo · ti chiami (to be called: «Come ti chiami?»)

Card 6643.1.3definition
Question

vestirsi → io / lui

Answer

mi vesto · si veste (to get dressed)

Card 6653.1.3definition
Question

prepararsi → noi / voi

Answer

ci prepariamo · vi preparate (to get ready)

Card 6663.1.3definition
Question

addormentarsi → io / loro

Answer

mi addormento · si addormentano (to fall asleep)

Card 6673.1.3concept
Question

What are the six reflexive pronouns?

Answer

mi (io), ti (tu), si (lui/lei), ci (noi), vi (voi), si (loro).

Card 6683.1.3concept
Question

How do you form a reflexive verb?

Answer

Drop -si, conjugate the verb normally, and put the matching pronoun before it: alzarsi → mi alzo.

Card 6693.1.3concept
Question

Where does the reflexive pronoun go?

Answer

Normally before the conjugated verb («mi alzo»); it may attach to an infinitive after a modal («devo alzarmi»).

Card 6703.1.3concept
Question

Which auxiliary do reflexive verbs take in the passato prossimo?

Answer

essere — with past-participle agreement: mi sono alzato / alzata, ci siamo alzati / alzate.

Card 6713.1.3concept
Question

How do «si alza» and «si alzano» differ?

Answer

Both use «si», but the ending shows the subject: «si alza» = he/she gets up; «si alzano» = they get up.

Card 6723.1.3concept
Question

«Lavo i piatti» vs «mi lavo» — what's the difference?

Answer

«Lavo i piatti» = I wash the dishes (an object); «mi lavo» = I wash myself (reflexive).

Card 6733.1.4definition
Question

dovere → io / tu / lui

Answer

io devo · tu devi · lui deve — must / to have to

Card 6743.1.4definition
Question

dovere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi dobbiamo · voi dovete · loro devono

Card 6753.1.4definition
Question

potere → io / tu / lui

Answer

io posso · tu puoi · lui può — can / to be able to

Card 6763.1.4definition
Question

potere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi possiamo · voi potete · loro possono

Card 6773.1.4definition
Question

volere → io / tu / lui

Answer

io voglio · tu vuoi · lui vuole — to want

Card 6783.1.4definition
Question

volere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi vogliamo · voi volete · loro vogliono

Card 6793.1.4concept
Question

What comes after a conjugated modal verb?

Answer

A second verb in the plain infinitive: «devo studiare», «posso uscire», «voglio andare».

Card 6803.1.4concept
Question

dovere, potere, volere — what does each express?

Answer

dovere = obligation · potere = ability/permission · volere = desire.

Card 6813.1.4concept
Question

How do you say «I'd like…» politely?

Answer

Use the conditional «vorrei» (I'd like) — softer than «voglio». Also «potrei» = I could.

Card 6823.1.4concept
Question

«posso» vs «so» for «I can» — the difference?

Answer

«posso» (potere) = it's possible/allowed now; «so» (sapere) + infinitive = a learned skill («so nuotare»).

Card 6833.1.4definition
Question

Translate: «She can come with us.»

Answer

«Lei può venire con noi.» — «può» (with the accent) + infinitive.

Card 6843.1.4concept
Question

Spot the error: «Devo finisco i compiti.»

Answer

Verb 2 must be an infinitive: «Devo finire i compiti.»

Card 6853.1.4concept
Question

Which modal form always needs an accent?

Answer

«può» (lui/lei form of potere) — never write «puo».

Card 6863.1.4definition
Question

Translate: «We want to travel by train.»

Answer

«Vogliamo viaggiare in treno.» — «vogliamo» + infinitive «viaggiare».

Card 6873.2.1concept
Question

How do you form the passato prossimo?

Answer

Present of avere OR essere + past participle: ho mangiato, sono andato/a.

Card 6883.2.1concept
Question

Regular past-participle endings

Answer

-are → -ato (parlato), -ere → -uto (creduto), -ire → -ito (dormito).

Card 6893.2.1definition
Question

parlare → passato prossimo (io)

Answer

ho parlato (avere-verb, participle invariable).

Card 6903.2.1definition
Question

andare → passato prossimo (io, female)

Answer

sono andata (essere-verb, participle agrees with the subject).

Card 6913.2.1concept
Question

Which verbs take essere?

Answer

Movement / change of state (andare, venire, partire, tornare, uscire, nascere, morire…) and all reflexives.

Card 6923.2.1concept
Question

With avere, does the participle agree?

Answer

No — it stays invariable: «ho comprato tre biglietti», never «comprati».

Card 6933.2.1concept
Question

With essere, how does the participle end?

Answer

It agrees: -o (male io/lui), -a (female), -i (male/mixed plural), -e (all-female plural).

Card 6943.2.1definition
Question

fare → past participle

Answer

fatto (irregular): ho fatto i compiti.

Card 6953.2.1definition
Question

dire → past participle

Answer

detto (irregular): ho detto la verità.

Card 6963.2.1definition
Question

prendere → past participle

Answer

preso (irregular): ho preso l'autobus.

Card 6973.2.1definition
Question

leggere → past participle

Answer

letto (irregular): ho letto un libro.

Card 6983.2.1definition
Question

essere → past participle

Answer

stato/a (irregular): sono stato a Roma; è stata una bella giornata.

Card 6993.2.1concept
Question

When do you use the passato prossimo?

Answer

For single, completed past actions — what you DID (ieri, la settimana scorsa, già).

Card 7003.2.1concept
Question

Common passato prossimo error to avoid

Answer

«ho andato» → use essere: «sono andato»; and agree after essere: «Maria è andata».

Card 7013.2.2definition
Question

parlare → io / tu / lui

Answer

io parlavo · tu parlavi · lui parlava (-are verb)

Card 7023.2.2definition
Question

leggere → io / noi / loro

Answer

io leggevo · noi leggevamo · loro leggevano (-ere verb)

Card 7033.2.2definition
Question

dormire → tu / lui / voi

Answer

tu dormivi · lui dormiva · voi dormivate (-ire verb)

Card 7043.2.2definition
Question

andare → io / noi

Answer

io andavo · noi andavamo (regular in the imperfetto)

Card 7053.2.2definition
Question

avere → io / loro

Answer

io avevo · loro avevano (regular: «avevo dieci anni»)

Card 7063.2.2definition
Question

essere (imperfetto)

Answer

ero · eri · era · eravamo · eravate · erano (irregular)

Card 7073.2.2definition
Question

fare (imperfetto)

Answer

facevo · facevi · faceva · facevamo · facevate · facevano

Card 7083.2.2definition
Question

dire / bere (imperfetto, io)

Answer

dire → dicevo · bere → bevevo (old Latin stem + normal endings)

Card 7093.2.2concept
Question

What are the six imperfetto endings?

Answer

-vo (io), -vi (tu), -va (lui/lei), -vamo (noi), -vate (voi), -vano (loro).

Card 7103.2.2concept
Question

How do you form the imperfetto stem?

Answer

Take the infinitive and drop the final -re: parlare → parla-, leggere → legge-, dormire → dormi-.

Card 7113.2.2concept
Question

What is the theme vowel for each group?

Answer

-a- for -are (parlavo), -e- for -ere (leggevo), -i- for -ire (dormivo).

Card 7123.2.2concept
Question

When do you use the imperfetto, not the passato prossimo?

Answer

For habits, descriptions and background; a single finished event uses the passato prossimo.

Card 7133.2.2concept
Question

Name three time words that signal the imperfetto.

Answer

mentre (while), sempre / ogni volta, di solito, da bambino/a — repeated or ongoing situations.

Card 7143.2.2concept
Question

Which four verbs are irregular in the imperfetto?

Answer

essere (ero), fare (facevo), dire (dicevo), bere (bevevo) — everything else is regular.

Card 7153.2.3concept
Question

Which past tense for a single completed action?

Answer

Il passato prossimo — «ho mangiato», «è arrivato».

Card 7163.2.3concept
Question

Which past tense for background, habit or an ongoing action?

Answer

L'imperfetto — «mangiavo», «era», «facevo».

Card 7173.2.3concept
Question

How do you tell a habit in the past? (e.g. «as a child I used to play»)

Answer

Imperfetto: «Da bambino giocavo sempre in giardino.»

Card 7183.2.3concept
Question

How do you tell one finished event? (e.g. «yesterday I bought a book»)

Answer

Passato prossimo: «Ieri ho comprato un libro.»

Card 7193.2.3concept
Question

«Mentre ___ , ha suonato il telefono.» Which tense in the gap?

Answer

Imperfetto — «Mentre studiavo, ha suonato il telefono» (scene + interruption).

Card 7203.2.3concept
Question

Name two signal words that lean towards the imperfetto.

Answer

sempre, di solito, ogni giorno, spesso, mentre, da bambino/a.

Card 7213.2.3concept
Question

Name two signal words that lean towards the passato prossimo.

Answer

ieri, l'anno scorso, un giorno, all'improvviso, poi, alle otto.

Card 7223.2.3definition
Question

essere in the past — passato prossimo vs imperfetto?

Answer

Passato prossimo «è stato/a» (a completed whole); imperfetto «era» (a description).

Card 7233.2.3concept
Question

«Faceva freddo, così ___ (uscire, noi) lo stesso.» Tense of the second verb?

Answer

Passato prossimo — «siamo usciti»: the scene is imperfetto, the event passato prossimo.

Card 7243.2.3concept
Question

What is the typical error with a habit?

Answer

Telling it with the passato prossimo («ho giocato sempre») instead of the imperfetto («giocavo sempre»).

Card 7253.2.3concept
Question

What is the typical error with a single event?

Answer

Telling it with the imperfetto («ieri mangiavo») instead of the passato prossimo («ieri ho mangiato»).

Card 7263.2.3concept
Question

In a story, which tense sets the scene and which drives the plot?

Answer

Imperfetto sets the scene / background; passato prossimo drives the plot / the events.

Card 7273.2.3definition
Question

c'era / c'erano — which tense and why?

Answer

Imperfetto — «c'era / c'erano» describes the situation (there was / there were), part of the background.

Card 7283.2.3concept
Question

Translate keeping both tenses: «It was raining and I stayed at home.»

Answer

«Pioveva e sono rimasto/a a casa.» — scene imperfetto + event passato prossimo.

Card 7293.2.4definition
Question

parlare → io / tu / lui

Answer

io parlerò · tu parlerai · lui parlerà (a→e in the stem)

Card 7303.2.4definition
Question

prendere → io / noi / loro

Answer

io prenderò · noi prenderemo · loro prenderanno

Card 7313.2.4definition
Question

dormire → tu / voi / loro

Answer

tu dormirai · voi dormirete · loro dormiranno

Card 7323.2.4definition
Question

cercare → io

Answer

io cercherò (a -care verb adds an h before the ending)

Card 7333.2.4definition
Question

pagare → io / loro

Answer

io pagherò · loro pagheranno (a -gare verb adds an h)

Card 7343.2.4definition
Question

cominciare → io

Answer

io comincerò (a -ciare verb drops the i)

Card 7353.2.4definition
Question

essere → io / lui / loro

Answer

io sarò · lui sarà · loro saranno (irregular stem sar-)

Card 7363.2.4definition
Question

avere → io / noi

Answer

io avrò · noi avremo (irregular stem avr-)

Card 7373.2.4definition
Question

andare / fare / venire → io

Answer

io andrò · io farò · io verrò (irregular stems andr- / far- / verr-)

Card 7383.2.4concept
Question

What are the six simple-future endings?

Answer

-ò (io), -ai (tu), -à (lui/lei), -emo (noi), -ete (voi), -anno (loro) — the same for every verb.

Card 7393.2.4concept
Question

How do you build the future stem?

Answer

Drop the final -e of the infinitive; for -are verbs also change a→e: parlare → parler-, prendere → prender-.

Card 7403.2.4concept
Question

What spelling change do -care/-gare verbs need?

Answer

Add an h before the ending to keep the hard sound: cercare → cercherò, pagare → pagherò.

Card 7413.2.4concept
Question

Name five irregular future stems.

Answer

essere→sar-, avere→avr-, andare→andr-, fare→far-, venire→verr- (also dovr-, potr-, vorr-, sapr-, vedr-).

Card 7423.2.4concept
Question

Besides the future, what does «Saranno le tre» express?

Answer

Probability in the present (futuro di probabilità): 'it must be about three now', not a future time.

Card 7433.3.1definition
Question

parlare → io / tu / lui

Answer

io parlerei · tu parleresti · lui parlerebbe — regular conditional

Card 7443.3.1definition
Question

credere → noi / voi / loro

Answer

noi crederemmo · voi credereste · loro crederebbero

Card 7453.3.1definition
Question

dormire → io / tu

Answer

io dormirei · tu dormiresti (to sleep)

Card 7463.3.1definition
Question

avere → io / tu

Answer

io avrei · tu avresti (irregular stem avr-)

Card 7473.3.1definition
Question

essere → io / lui

Answer

io sarei · lui sarebbe (irregular stem sar-)

Card 7483.3.1definition
Question

volere → io

Answer

io vorrei (I would like — irregular stem vorr-)

Card 7493.3.1definition
Question

potere → io / tu

Answer

io potrei · tu potresti (irregular stem potr-)

Card 7503.3.1definition
Question

dovere → tu

Answer

tu dovresti (you should — irregular stem dovr-)

Card 7513.3.1concept
Question

What are the six conditional endings?

Answer

-ei (io), -esti (tu), -ebbe (lui/lei), -emmo (noi), -este (voi), -ebbero (loro).

Card 7523.3.1concept
Question

How do you form the conditional stem of a regular verb?

Answer

Drop the final -e of the infinitive; for -are verbs the a becomes e: parlare → parler-, credere → creder-.

Card 7533.3.1concept
Question

What happens to -care and -gare verbs?

Answer

They add an h to keep the hard sound: cercare → cercherei, pagare → pagherei.

Card 7543.3.1concept
Question

What happens to -ciare and -giare verbs?

Answer

They drop the i: cominciare → comincerei, mangiare → mangerei.

Card 7553.3.1concept
Question

Name three uses of the conditional.

Answer

Polite requests (Vorrei…), advice (Dovresti…) and hypotheticals/wishes (Sarebbe…, Mi piacerebbe…).

Card 7563.3.1concept
Question

What is the difference between «andremmo» and «andremo»?

Answer

«andremmo» (double m) is the conditional (we would go); «andremo» (single m) is the future (we will go).

Card 7573.3.2definition
Question

parlare → che io / che noi / che loro

Answer

che io parli · che noi parliamo · che loro parlino (-are)

Card 7583.3.2definition
Question

prendere → che io / che noi / che loro

Answer

che io prenda · che noi prendiamo · che loro prendano (-ere)

Card 7593.3.2definition
Question

finire → che io / che loro

Answer

che io finisca · che loro finiscano (-isc- verb keeps the infix)

Card 7603.3.2definition
Question

essere → congiuntivo presente

Answer

che io sia · che noi siamo · che voi siate · che loro siano

Card 7613.3.2definition
Question

avere → congiuntivo presente

Answer

che io abbia · che noi abbiamo · che voi abbiate · che loro abbiano

Card 7623.3.2definition
Question

fare → congiuntivo presente

Answer

che io faccia · che noi facciamo · che loro facciano

Card 7633.3.2definition
Question

andare → congiuntivo presente

Answer

che io vada · che noi andiamo · che loro vadano

Card 7643.3.2definition
Question

Penso che tu (avere) ragione.

Answer

Penso che tu abbia ragione. (opinion + che → subjunctive)

Card 7653.3.2concept
Question

What are the -are present-subjunctive endings?

Answer

-i, -i, -i, -iamo, -iate, -ino (parli… parlino).

Card 7663.3.2concept
Question

What are the -ere/-ire present-subjunctive endings?

Answer

-a, -a, -a, -iamo, -iate, -ano (prenda… prendano).

Card 7673.3.2concept
Question

Name three triggers of the subjunctive.

Answer

Opinion/doubt (penso/credo/dubito che), wish/emotion (spero/voglio che), impersonal (è importante che); also benché, prima che.

Card 7683.3.2concept
Question

Why keep the subject pronoun with the subjunctive?

Answer

The three singular persons are identical (che io/tu/lui parli), so the pronoun shows who you mean.

Card 7693.3.2concept
Question

Same subject in both clauses — what do you use?

Answer

«di» + infinitive, not «che» + subjunctive: «penso di avere ragione», not «penso che io abbia».

Card 7703.3.2concept
Question

Fact vs opinion — which mood?

Answer

Fact (so che, è vero che) → indicative; opinion/wish/doubt (penso, spero, dubito che) → subjunctive.

Card 7713.3.3concept
Question

How do you form the passive in Italian?

Answer

essere (or venire) + past participle, which agrees with the subject: «la casa è venduta».

Card 7723.3.3definition
Question

«Il sindaco inaugura la biblioteca» → passive?

Answer

La biblioteca è inaugurata dal sindaco. (object → subject, doer after «da»)

Card 7733.3.3definition
Question

Make it passato prossimo: «Hanno venduto le case.»

Answer

Le case sono state vendute. («sono state» + participle agreeing fem. pl.)

Card 7743.3.3concept
Question

What does the past participle agree with in the passive?

Answer

The subject — in gender and number: -o / -a / -i / -e (sono state costruite).

Card 7753.3.3concept
Question

When can you use «venire» for the passive?

Answer

In simple tenses only (present, imperfect, future): «viene aperta», «verrà restaurato» — never in compound tenses.

Card 7763.3.3concept
Question

Which preposition introduces the doer (the agent)?

Answer

«da» (da+il = dal, da+la = dalla): «scritto da Calvino» — never «di».

Card 7773.3.3definition
Question

What is the si passivante?

Answer

«si» + a 3rd-person verb, an impersonal passive: «si vende una casa» / «si vendono biglietti».

Card 7783.3.3concept
Question

«Si vende ___ biglietti» — which verb form?

Answer

«si vendono biglietti» — plural noun → plural verb.

Card 7793.3.3definition
Question

«Non si ___ qui» (fumare) — no smoking.

Answer

Non si fuma qui. (si passivante, singular verb)

Card 7803.3.3concept
Question

essere vs venire vs si — which is neutral?

Answer

«essere» is the neutral all-purpose passive; «venire» stresses the action; «si» is impersonal (people in general).

Card 7813.3.3definition
Question

Passive of «Restaureranno il museo.» (futuro)

Answer

Il museo sarà restaurato / verrà restaurato. (essere or venire in the future)

Card 7823.3.3concept
Question

Common error: «Le mele sono comprato.» Fix it.

Answer

Le mele sono state comprate. (agree fem. pl. + «state» in the passato prossimo)

Card 7833.3.3definition
Question

Turn into a notice: «People speak Italian here.»

Answer

Qui si parla italiano. (si passivante, impersonal)

Card 7843.3.3concept
Question

Why use the passive at all?

Answer

To focus on the thing/result, not the doer, and to give a formal, report-like tone; add «da» only to name the doer.

Card 7853.3.4definition
Question

Direct object pronouns (mi, ti, …)

Answer

mi, ti, lo/la, ci, vi, li/le — replace a direct object (who/what?)

Card 7863.3.4definition
Question

Indirect object pronouns (mi, ti, …)

Answer

mi, ti, gli/le, ci, vi, gli — replace an indirect object (to whom?)

Card 7873.3.4definition
Question

«lo» vs «la» vs «li» vs «le» (direct)

Answer

lo = him/it (m) · la = her/it (f) · li = them (m/mixed) · le = them (f)

Card 7883.3.4definition
Question

«gli» vs «le» (indirect)

Answer

gli = to him / to them · le = to her

Card 7893.3.4definition
Question

Mangio la pizza → ?

Answer

La mangio. (direct «la» before the verb, agrees with «la pizza»)

Card 7903.3.4definition
Question

Scrivo a Luca → ?

Answer

Gli scrivo. («a Luca» is indirect → «gli» = to him)

Card 7913.3.4concept
Question

When do lo/la become l'?

Answer

Before a vowel or «h»: «l'ascolto», «l'ho visto». Only lo/la elide, never li/le/gli.

Card 7923.3.4concept
Question

Where does the pronoun go by default?

Answer

Before the conjugated verb: «La compro», «Non lo vedo».

Card 7933.3.4concept
Question

Where does it go with an infinitive/imperative?

Answer

Attached to the end (drop the infinitive -e): «chiamarla», «ascoltami!», «diglielo!».

Card 7943.3.4concept
Question

potere/dovere/volere + infinitive: where?

Answer

Either before the first verb OR on the infinitive: «Lo voglio vedere» = «Voglio vederlo».

Card 7953.3.4concept
Question

Past-participle agreement rule

Answer

After a DIRECT pronoun (lo/la/li/le), the participle agrees: «l'ho vista», «li ho visti», «le ho viste».

Card 7963.3.4concept
Question

Do indirect pronouns trigger agreement?

Answer

No — only direct pronouns (lo/la/li/le) make the participle agree; «Le ho scritto» stays -o.

Card 7973.3.4concept
Question

Combined pronouns order + shape

Answer

Indirect first, then direct: mi/ti/ci/vi → me/te/ce/ve; gli/le → glie-: «Me lo dai», «Glielo spiego».

Card 7983.3.4concept
Question

Common trap: telefonare / scrivere a

Answer

These take an INDIRECT object → «gli/le telefono», NOT «lo/la telefono».

Card 7993.3.5concept
Question

ne — what does it replace?

Answer

«di + thing» or a quantity: «Ne parliamo» (about it), «Ne voglio due» (two of them).

Card 8003.3.5concept
Question

ci — what does it replace?

Answer

«a / in / su + thing» or a place: «Ci vado» (there), «Ci penso» (about it).

Card 8013.3.5definition
Question

Ho bisogno di aiuto. → …

Answer

Ne ho bisogno. (I need it — «bisogno di» → ne)

Card 8023.3.5definition
Question

Vado a Roma. → …

Answer

Ci vado. (a place with «a» → ci)

Card 8033.3.5definition
Question

Penso al futuro. → …

Answer

Ci penso. («pensare a» → ci)

Card 8043.3.5definition
Question

Parliamo del film. → …

Answer

Ne parliamo. («parlare di» → ne)

Card 8053.3.5definition
Question

Ho comprato tre mele. → …

Answer

Ne ho comprate tre. (after «ne», the participle agrees: comprate)

Card 8063.3.5concept
Question

Where does the particle go with a conjugated verb?

Answer

Before it: «Ne voglio due», «Ci vado».

Card 8073.3.5concept
Question

Where does the particle go with an infinitive/imperative?

Answer

Attached to the end: «Voglio parlarne», «Andiamoci!».

Card 8083.3.5concept
Question

What does «c'è / ci sono» mean?

Answer

There is / there are — the «ci» is already built in.

Card 8093.3.5definition
Question

farne a meno — meaning?

Answer

to do without it — «ne» = «di quello» («Ne faccio a meno»).

Card 8103.3.5definition
Question

Non ne posso più! — meaning?

Answer

I can't stand it any more! (a fixed «ne» expression)

Card 8113.3.5concept
Question

Credi ai fantasmi? — reply with a particle.

Answer

No, non ci credo. («credere a» → ci)

Card 8123.3.5concept
Question

How do you decide between ne and ci?

Answer

By the preposition the phrase would take: «di»/quantity → ne, «a/in/su»/place → ci.

Card 8133.4.1concept
Question

il / lo / l' — when?

Answer

il + most consonants (il libro) · lo + s+cons, z, gn, ps, x, y (lo studente, lo zio) · l' + vowel (l'amico).

Card 8143.4.1concept
Question

Plural of il / lo / l' (masculine)?

Answer

il → i (i libri) · lo → gli (gli studenti) · l' → gli (gli amici).

Card 8153.4.1concept
Question

la / l' / le (feminine)?

Answer

la + consonant (la casa) · l' + vowel (l'amica) · plural le (le case, le amiche).

Card 8163.4.1concept
Question

un / uno (masculine indefinite)?

Answer

un + most words (un libro, un amico) · uno + s+cons or z (uno studente, uno zio).

Card 8173.4.1concept
Question

una / un' (feminine indefinite)?

Answer

una + consonant (una casa) · un' (with apostrophe) + vowel (un'amica, un'aranciata).

Card 8183.4.1concept
Question

How do you tell a noun's gender?

Answer

-o usually masculine (il libro), -a usually feminine (la casa), -e can be either (il fiore, la chiave).

Card 8193.4.1concept
Question

Make the plural: libro, casa, fiore

Answer

libro → libri (-o→-i), casa → case (-a→-e), fiore → fiori (-e→-i).

Card 8203.4.1definition
Question

Article before «studente»?

Answer

lo studente (sg.) · gli studenti (pl.) — s+consonant takes lo/gli.

Card 8213.4.1definition
Question

Article before «amica»?

Answer

l'amica (definite) · un'amica (indefinite) — feminine + vowel elides.

Card 8223.4.1definition
Question

Article before «zaino»?

Answer

lo zaino (sg.) · gli zaini (pl.) · uno zaino (indefinite) — z takes lo/gli/uno.

Card 8233.4.1concept
Question

Which sounds trigger lo/gli/uno?

Answer

s+consonant, z, gn, ps, x and y: lo studente, lo zio, lo gnomo, lo psicologo.

Card 8243.4.1concept
Question

«il problema» or «la problema»?

Answer

il problema — many nouns in -ma are masculine (il problema, il programma, il tema); plural i problemi.

Card 8253.4.1concept
Question

«un amico» or «un'amico»?

Answer

un amico — masculine takes «un» (no apostrophe) before a vowel; «un'» is feminine only (un'amica).

Card 8263.4.1concept
Question

Does Italian use 'the' more than English?

Answer

Yes — with general nouns (mi piace la musica), languages (l'italiano) and countries (l'Italia).

Card 8273.4.2definition
Question

rosso → m.s. / f.s. / m.pl. / f.pl.

Answer

rosso · rossa · rossi · rosse (a Group-1, -o adjective)

Card 8283.4.2definition
Question

italiano → four forms

Answer

italiano · italiana · italiani · italiane

Card 8293.4.2definition
Question

verde → sing. / plur.

Answer

verde (m. & f. sing.) · verdi (m. & f. plur.) — a Group-2, -e adjective

Card 8303.4.2definition
Question

grande → sing. / plur.

Answer

grande (both genders) · grandi (both genders, plural)

Card 8313.4.2definition
Question

una casa ___ (nuovo)

Answer

nuova — «casa» is feminine singular, so the -o adjective takes -a

Card 8323.4.2definition
Question

due libri ___ (interessante)

Answer

interessanti — a -e adjective takes -i in the plural (both genders)

Card 8333.4.2definition
Question

le ragazze ___ (simpatico)

Answer

simpatiche — feminine plural of «simpatica»: -ca → -che

Card 8343.4.2concept
Question

How does a Group-1 (-o) adjective end?

Answer

-o (m.s.), -a (f.s.), -i (m.pl.), -e (f.pl.) — e.g. rosso/rossa/rossi/rosse.

Card 8353.4.2concept
Question

How does a Group-2 (-e) adjective end?

Answer

-e (singular, both genders), -i (plural, both genders) — e.g. verde → verdi. No gender change.

Card 8363.4.2concept
Question

Where does a descriptive adjective usually go?

Answer

After the noun («un libro interessante»); a few common ones (bello, buono, grande) can come before.

Card 8373.4.2concept
Question

One adjective, two nouns of different gender — what form?

Answer

Masculine plural: «un cane e una gatta neri».

Card 8383.4.2concept
Question

Plural of a -a adjective for feminine nouns?

Answer

-a → -e: «ragazza simpatica» → «ragazze simpatiche» (never -i).

Card 8393.4.2concept
Question

What's wrong with «una ragazza intelligenta»?

Answer

«intelligente» is a -e adjective; it never takes -a. Correct: «una ragazza intelligente».

Card 8403.4.2concept
Question

How do «bello» and «buono» behave before a noun?

Answer

They shorten like the article: «bel libro», «bei libri», «buon amico» — still agreeing with the noun.

Card 8413.4.3definition
Question

di + il / la / i

Answer

del · della · dei — «il libro del ragazzo», «la borsa della prof»

Card 8423.4.3definition
Question

a + il / la / gli

Answer

al · alla · agli — «vado al mare», «alla stazione», «agli studenti»

Card 8433.4.3definition
Question

da + il / la / i

Answer

dal · dalla · dai — «torno dal medico», «vengo dalla città»

Card 8443.4.3definition
Question

in + il / la / i

Answer

nel · nella · nei — «nel forno», «nella borsa», «nei giardini»

Card 8453.4.3definition
Question

su + il / la / gli

Answer

sul · sulla · sugli — «sul tavolo», «sulla parete», «sugli scaffali»

Card 8463.4.3definition
Question

di / a / da + l' (vowel)

Answer

dell' · all' · dall' — «dell'amico», «all'angolo», «dall'Italia»

Card 8473.4.3definition
Question

in / su + l' (vowel)

Answer

nell' · sull' — «nell'armadio», «sull'autobus»

Card 8483.4.3definition
Question

a + lo / in + lo

Answer

allo · nello — «allo stadio», «nello zaino» (lo before z, s+cons., gn…)

Card 8493.4.3concept
Question

Which five prepositions fuse with the article?

Answer

di, a, da, in, su — «del, alla, dal, nei, sulle».

Card 8503.4.3concept
Question

Which prepositions stay separate?

Answer

con, per and tra/fra — «con la, per il, tra i due».

Card 8513.4.3concept
Question

When do you use the SIMPLE preposition (no fusion)?

Answer

When the noun has no article — fixed phrases like «a casa», «in centro», «a scuola».

Card 8523.4.3concept
Question

What are di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra/fra?

Answer

The eight simple Italian prepositions.

Card 8533.4.3concept
Question

Give the core meaning of «da».

Answer

from / at someone's place / by — «da Milano», «dal medico», «letto da tutti».

Card 8543.4.3concept
Question

How does «a + casa» work?

Answer

«a casa» — fixed phrase, no article, no fusion (at home).

Card 8553.4.4definition
Question

più … di

Answer

more … than — «Anna è più alta di Marco.»

Card 8563.4.4definition
Question

meno … di

Answer

less … than — «Firenze è meno grande di Roma.»

Card 8573.4.4definition
Question

(così) … come

Answer

as … as (equality) — «Luca è (così) alto come Marco.»

Card 8583.4.4definition
Question

(tanto) … quanto

Answer

as … as (equality, alternative) — «È tanto bravo quanto simpatico.»

Card 8593.4.4definition
Question

il/la più … di

Answer

the most … of (relative superlative) — «la città più bella d'Italia»

Card 8603.4.4definition
Question

-issimo

Answer

very … (absolute superlative) — bello → bellissimo, buono → buonissimo

Card 8613.4.4definition
Question

buono → …

Answer

migliore (better) · il migliore (best) · ottimo (excellent)

Card 8623.4.4definition
Question

cattivo → …

Answer

peggiore (worse) · il peggiore (worst) · pessimo (awful)

Card 8633.4.4definition
Question

grande / piccolo → …

Answer

grande → maggiore (bigger/eldest) · piccolo → minore (smaller/youngest)

Card 8643.4.4concept
Question

When do you use «di» vs «come» after «più»?

Answer

«più … di» for 'more … than'; «(così) … come» for 'as … as' (equality). Never «più … come».

Card 8653.4.4concept
Question

When do you use «che» instead of «di»?

Answer

When comparing two qualities, two verbs or two nouns of the SAME thing: «più simpatico che intelligente».

Card 8663.4.4concept
Question

Relative vs absolute superlative?

Answer

Relative ranks in a group: «il più alto della classe». Absolute just means 'very': «altissimo».

Card 8673.4.4concept
Question

How does «di» fuse in a superlative?

Answer

di + article fuses: di+il=del, di+la=della, di+i=dei… → «il più alto della classe».

Card 8683.4.4concept
Question

Why «migliore» and not «più buono»?

Answer

buono is irregular: the standard comparative/superlative is «migliore / il migliore» (and «ottimo» for 'very good').

Card 8693.5.1definition
Question

inoltre

Answer

besides / moreover (adds an idea)

Card 8703.5.1definition
Question

però

Answer

but / however (contrast)

Card 8713.5.1definition
Question

ma

Answer

but (contrast, usually starts the clause)

Card 8723.5.1definition
Question

perché

Answer

because (introduces a reason)

Card 8733.5.1definition
Question

poi

Answer

then (sequence)

Card 8743.5.1definition
Question

prima… poi… infine

Answer

first… then… finally (sequence)

Card 8753.5.1definition
Question

quindi / perciò

Answer

so / therefore (consequence)

Card 8763.5.1definition
Question

tuttavia

Answer

however / nevertheless (contrast)

Card 8773.5.1definition
Question

siccome

Answer

since / as (reason, at the start of a clause)

Card 8783.5.1definition
Question

anche

Answer

also / too (addition)

Card 8793.5.1concept
Question

Which four jobs do connectors do?

Answer

Add (inoltre), contrast (però), give a reason (perché), show sequence (poi).

Card 8803.5.1concept
Question

What follows «perché» when it means 'because'?

Answer

A full verb, directly — with no «di»: «Studio perché voglio imparare».

Card 8813.5.1concept
Question

Why is «e però» wrong?

Answer

It stacks two connectors for one join — use just «però».

Card 8823.5.1concept
Question

How does a range of connectors help your mark?

Answer

Cohesion + range of language score Criterion A (Language).

Card 8833.5.2concept
Question

tu vs Lei — che cosa sono?

Answer

Due modi di dire 'you': tu (informale) e Lei (formale, di cortesia).

Card 8843.5.2definition
Question

essere — tu / Lei

Answer

(tu) sei · (Lei) è — Lei prende la 3ª persona singolare.

Card 8853.5.2definition
Question

avere — tu / Lei

Answer

(tu) hai · (Lei) ha

Card 8863.5.2definition
Question

stare — tu / Lei

Answer

(tu) stai · (Lei) sta ('come stai?' → 'come sta?')

Card 8873.5.2definition
Question

Object pronoun 'you' — tu / Lei

Answer

ti (informale) · La (diretto) / Le (indiretto) (formale)

Card 8883.5.2definition
Question

Possessive 'your' — tu / Lei

Answer

tuo/tua (informale) · Suo/Sua (formale, spesso maiuscolo)

Card 8893.5.2definition
Question

Imperative 'wait!' — tu / Lei

Answer

aspetta! (tu) · aspetti! (Lei, forma di cortesia)

Card 8903.5.2concept
Question

Which person does the verb take with Lei?

Answer

The 3rd-person singular — the same as lui/lei: «Lei parla, ha, sta».

Card 8913.5.2concept
Question

When do you use tu?

Answer

With friends, family, classmates, peers, and in a blog for other young people.

Card 8923.5.2concept
Question

When do you use Lei?

Answer

With strangers, elders, teachers, and in formal letters or emails to a company.

Card 8933.5.2concept
Question

Rewrite as Lei: «Come stai? Ti do il tuo libro.»

Answer

«Come sta? Le do il Suo libro.» (verb, pronoun and possessive all switch).

Card 8943.5.2concept
Question

What is the classic register error?

Answer

Mixing tu and Lei in one text — e.g. «Gentile Signora, come stai?».

Card 8953.5.2concept
Question

If you're unsure which register to use, which is safer?

Answer

Lei — over-politeness is rarely wrong; wait for «Diamoci del tu» to switch.

Card 8963.5.2concept
Question

Which criterion most rewards correct register?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual understanding) — plus Criterion A for the matching verbs/pronouns.

Card 8973.5.3concept
Question

secondo me / per me + ?

Answer

+ indicativo — «Secondo me lo sport è utile.» (in my opinion + indicative)

Card 8983.5.3concept
Question

a mio parere / a mio avviso + ?

Answer

+ indicativo — «A mio parere i giovani leggono poco.» (in my view)

Card 8993.5.3concept
Question

penso che / credo che + ?

Answer

+ congiuntivo — «Penso che sia vero», «Credo che abbia ragione».

Card 9003.5.3concept
Question

mi sembra che / ritengo che + ?

Answer

+ congiuntivo — «Mi sembra che tu abbia ragione».

Card 9013.5.3concept
Question

sono convinto/a che + ?

Answer

+ congiuntivo — «Sono convinta che valga la pena».

Card 9023.5.3definition
Question

essere → congiuntivo presente (io/tu/lui)

Answer

sia — «Penso che sia importante».

Card 9033.5.3definition
Question

avere → congiuntivo presente

Answer

abbia — «Credo che abbia ragione».

Card 9043.5.3definition
Question

fare → congiuntivo presente

Answer

faccia — «Mi sembra che faccia freddo».

Card 9053.5.3definition
Question

Present subjunctive: regular -are ending?

Answer

-i — parlare → «che io/tu/lui parli».

Card 9063.5.3definition
Question

Present subjunctive: regular -ere / -ire ending?

Answer

-a — scrivere → «che scriva», dormire → «che dorma».

Card 9073.5.3concept
Question

How do you justify an opinion?

Answer

Add «perché» + a reason (indicativo): «…perché fa bene alla salute».

Card 9083.5.3concept
Question

Give three connectors to add nuance to an opinion.

Answer

inoltre (besides), tuttavia/però (however), quindi/perciò (so).

Card 9093.5.3concept
Question

Agree / disagree with a reason?

Answer

«Sono d'accordo, perché…» / «Non sono d'accordo, perché…».

Card 9103.5.3concept
Question

Two classic mood errors to avoid?

Answer

«penso che è» (needs «sia») and «secondo me sia» (needs «è»).

Card 9114.1.1definition
Question

Quanto dura il Paper 1 (SL)?

Answer

1 ora e 15 minuti.

Card 9124.1.1definition
Question

Quanto vale il Paper 1 sul voto finale?

Answer

Il 25% del voto finale.

Card 9134.1.1definition
Question

Quante parole devi scrivere nel Paper 1?

Answer

Tra le 250 e le 400 parole.

Card 9144.1.1definition
Question

Quante consegne scegli nel Paper 1?

Answer

Ne scegli 1 su 3.

Card 9154.1.1definition
Question

Quali sono i cinque temi del corso?

Answer

Identità, Esperienze, Ingegno umano, Organizzazione sociale, Condivisione del pianeta.

Card 9164.1.1definition
Question

il tipo di testo

Answer

the text type you must write (blog, email, article, speech…)

Card 9174.1.1definition
Question

il registro

Answer

the register — formal (Lei) or informal (tu/voi)

Card 9184.1.1definition
Question

le convenzioni / le caratteristiche

Answer

the conventions / features of a text type

Card 9194.1.1definition
Question

il destinatario / il pubblico

Answer

the audience — the reader you write for

Card 9204.1.1concept
Question

What are the five exam steps for Paper 1?

Answer

Read all three → Choose for ideas → Identify text type/audience/register → Plan → Write & check.

Card 9214.1.1concept
Question

How should you choose between the three tasks?

Answer

Pick the one you have the most ideas and vocabulary for — not the first you see.

Card 9224.1.1concept
Question

What do you decode from a Paper 1 prompt before writing?

Answer

Text type (tipo di testo), audience (destinatario) and register, plus the theme it sits in.

Card 9234.1.1concept
Question

What do Criteria A, B and C reward, and the total?

Answer

A Language /12, B Message /12, C Conceptual (text-type conventions & register) /6 = /30.

Card 9244.1.1concept
Question

Why read all three tasks before choosing?

Answer

So you pick the task you can develop best, not just the first one you understand.

Card 9254.1.2definition
Question

Su quanti punti si valuta il Paper 1 (SL)?

Answer

Su 30 punti, in tre criteri (A, B e C).

Card 9264.1.2definition
Question

Che cosa valuta il Criterio A e quanti punti vale?

Answer

Criterio A — Lingua /12: la varietà e la correttezza del vocabolario e della grammatica.

Card 9274.1.2definition
Question

Che cosa valuta il Criterio B e quanti punti vale?

Answer

Criterio B — Messaggio /12: la rilevanza, lo sviluppo e l'organizzazione delle idee.

Card 9284.1.2definition
Question

Che cosa valuta il Criterio C e quanti punti vale?

Answer

Criterio C — Comprensione concettuale /6: le convenzioni del tipo di testo, il registro e il tono.

Card 9294.1.2definition
Question

Quanti punti vale ogni criterio in totale?

Answer

A Lingua /12 · B Messaggio /12 · C Concettuale /6 = /30.

Card 9304.1.2definition
Question

il registro

Answer

register — formal (Lei) or informal (tu), matched to the reader

Card 9314.1.2definition
Question

le convenzioni

Answer

the conventions / features a text type needs (a blog title, an email sign-off…)

Card 9324.1.2definition
Question

la coesione

Answer

cohesion — how connectors and paragraphs link your ideas smoothly

Card 9334.1.2definition
Question

Comprensione concettuale

Answer

conceptual understanding (Criterion C) — text-type conventions, register and tone for the reader

Card 9344.1.2concept
Question

How do you earn marks on Criterion A (Language)?

Answer

Show a range of vocabulary, tenses and connectors, used accurately.

Card 9354.1.2concept
Question

How do you earn marks on Criterion B (Message)?

Answer

Make ideas relevant, develop each with a reason/example, and organise them clearly.

Card 9364.1.2concept
Question

How do you earn marks on Criterion C (Conceptual)?

Answer

Use the text-type conventions and match the register and tone to your reader.

Card 9374.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion does a blog title or an email sign-off earn?

Answer

Criterion C — Conceptual understanding (a text-type convention).

Card 9384.1.2concept
Question

Why is Criterion C the cheapest to protect?

Answer

The right form, greeting, sign-off and register cost nothing and bank up to 6 marks — but the wrong form throws them away.

Card 9394.2.1definition
Question

il piano / la scaletta

Answer

the plan / outline — your quick notes before writing

Card 9404.2.1definition
Question

la traccia

Answer

the running order / structure of your text

Card 9414.2.1definition
Question

l'idea chiave

Answer

a key idea — one of the points you develop

Card 9424.2.1definition
Question

la frase-gancio

Answer

the hook — an opening line that grabs the reader

Card 9434.2.1definition
Question

la chiusura / il saluto finale

Answer

the sign-off / closing line

Card 9444.2.1definition
Question

il connettivo

Answer

a connector / linking word (inoltre, perciò…)

Card 9454.2.1definition
Question

sviluppare un'idea

Answer

to develop an idea (with detail and examples)

Card 9464.2.1definition
Question

Quali elementi contiene un buon piano?

Answer

Tipo di testo, 2–3 idee chiave, un gancio, una chiusura e vocabolario/connettivi utili.

Card 9474.2.1definition
Question

Quanto tempo dedichi a pianificare il Paper 1?

Answer

Circa due minuti prima di iniziare a scrivere.

Card 9484.2.1concept
Question

What are the four planning moves?

Answer

Decode → Brainstorm → Order → Note vocab.

Card 9494.2.1concept
Question

Which criterion does a clear plan help most?

Answer

Criterion B (Message) — it gives an organised, well-developed answer.

Card 9504.2.1concept
Question

Why develop only 2–3 points rather than many?

Answer

Depth with examples beats a long list of shallow points — undeveloped ideas lose Criterion B.

Card 9514.2.1concept
Question

Should you write your plan in full sentences?

Answer

No — note form, five short lines; the plan is scaffolding for you, not text for the examiner.

Card 9524.2.1concept
Question

Why order your points before writing?

Answer

A clear order keeps the reader following you from opening to close, protecting Criterion B.

Card 9534.2.2definition
Question

il tipo di testo

Answer

the text type — the form you must write

Card 9544.2.2definition
Question

le convenzioni / gli elementi

Answer

the conventions / features that mark out a text type

Card 9554.2.2definition
Question

Quali elementi ha un blog?

Answer

Un titolo, il rivolgersi al lettore e un saluto finale; registro semiformale.

Card 9564.2.2definition
Question

Quali elementi ha una lettera formale?

Answer

Gentile/Egregio…, il registro con il Lei e un saluto come Cordiali saluti; registro formale.

Card 9574.2.2definition
Question

Quali elementi ha un articolo?

Answer

Un titolo, dei sottotitoli e una frase d'apertura; registro semiformale.

Card 9584.2.2definition
Question

Quali elementi ha un discorso?

Answer

Un saluto al pubblico e domande retoriche; registro che dipende dal pubblico.

Card 9594.2.2definition
Question

i testi personali

Answer

personal text types: l'email (a un amico), il blog, il diario

Card 9604.2.2definition
Question

i testi formali/professionali

Answer

professional text types: la lettera formale, la relazione, la proposta

Card 9614.2.2definition
Question

i testi dei media

Answer

mass-media text types: l'articolo, la recensione, l'intervista, il discorso, l'opuscolo

Card 9624.2.2concept
Question

What are the four moves for the text type?

Answer

Find the named form → Recall its conventions → pick the Register → Frame the opening & closing.

Card 9634.2.2concept
Question

Why not write a generic essay in Paper 1?

Answer

The task names a specific form; a generic essay misses its conventions and loses Criterion C.

Card 9644.2.2concept
Question

Where do you find the text type in a prompt?

Answer

It's almost always printed in the prompt — «blog», «email», «articolo», «discorso» — so underline it first.

Card 9654.2.2concept
Question

How do you decide the register for a text type?

Answer

From the form and its reader: a formal letter is Lei, a blog is semiformal, a speech depends on the audience.

Card 9664.2.2concept
Question

Which criterion does the right text type protect?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — the conventions and register of the named form.

Card 9674.2.3definition
Question

il registro

Answer

the register — how formal or informal the language is

Card 9684.2.3definition
Question

il destinatario

Answer

the audience / addressee — the reader you write to

Card 9694.2.3definition
Question

informale (tu/voi)

Answer

informal register, using tu (or voi in the plural) — for friends and peers

Card 9704.2.3definition
Question

formale (Lei)

Answer

formal register, using Lei — for officials, teachers, companies

Card 9714.2.3definition
Question

la formula di apertura

Answer

the greeting / salutation (Ciao informal vs Gentile … / Egregio … formal)

Card 9724.2.3definition
Question

la formula di chiusura

Answer

the sign-off (Un caro saluto informal vs Cordiali saluti formal)

Card 9734.2.3definition
Question

Quali segnali ha il registro informale?

Answer

tu/voi, un'apertura come Ciao e una chiusura come Un caro saluto.

Card 9744.2.3definition
Question

Quali segnali ha il registro formale?

Answer

Lei, un'apertura come Gentile … / Egregio … e una chiusura come Cordiali saluti.

Card 9754.2.3definition
Question

Quale registro usi per un'azienda o un professore?

Answer

Il registro formale (Lei).

Card 9764.2.3concept
Question

What are the four moves for register?

Answer

Identify the reader → Choose tu/voi or Lei → Match greeting/sign-off/vocab → Keep it consistent.

Card 9774.2.3concept
Question

Which markers move together when you switch register?

Answer

The greeting, the verb forms, the possessive and the sign-off — change all four or none.

Card 9784.2.3concept
Question

What's the most common register mistake?

Answer

Mixing tu and Lei in the same answer — usually hidden in verb endings and possessives.

Card 9794.2.3concept
Question

Which criterion does a consistent register protect?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — register matched to the reader and held throughout.

Card 9804.2.3concept
Question

How do you catch register drift before finishing?

Answer

Re-read every verb ending and possessive against your chosen register (tu or Lei).

Card 9814.2.4definition
Question

il connettivo

Answer

a connector — a linking word/phrase between ideas

Card 9824.2.4definition
Question

la coesione

Answer

cohesion — how well the ideas hang together and flow

Card 9834.2.4definition
Question

inoltre / anche

Answer

besides / also — connectors of ADDITION

Card 9844.2.4definition
Question

ma / però / tuttavia

Answer

but / however / nevertheless — connectors of CONTRAST

Card 9854.2.4definition
Question

perché / poiché

Answer

because / since — connectors of CAUSE

Card 9864.2.4definition
Question

quindi / perciò / dunque

Answer

so / therefore / thus — connectors of CONSEQUENCE

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Question

prima / poi / infine

Answer

first / then / finally — connectors of SEQUENCE

Card 9884.2.4definition
Question

per esempio / cioè

Answer

for example / that is — connectors introducing EXAMPLES

Card 9894.2.4definition
Question

Quali sono le sei funzioni dei connettivi?

Answer

Aggiunta, contrasto, causa, conseguenza, sequenza ed esempi.

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Question

Quali connettivi reggono il congiuntivo?

Answer

benché, sebbene, affinché, a patto che — «Sebbene piova, esco.»

Card 9914.2.4concept
Question

What are the four moves to build a cohesive paragraph?

Answer

Topic sentence → Develop with a connector → Add an example → Conclude or transition.

Card 9924.2.4concept
Question

What's the most common cohesion mistake?

Answer

Linking every sentence with only «e» (and), or repeating one connector until it loses meaning.

Card 9934.2.4concept
Question

Which criteria does good cohesion help?

Answer

Criterion A (range and accuracy of language) most, and Criterion B (organised, easy-to-follow ideas).

Card 9944.2.4concept
Question

How do you make a choppy answer flow without adding content?

Answer

Link the ideas you already have with varied connectors matched to the relationship (cause, contrast, result).

Card 9954.2.5definition
Question

il registro

Answer

register — formal (Lei) or informal (tu); never mix them

Card 9964.2.5definition
Question

la lunghezza del testo

Answer

length — your answer must reach the required word count

Card 9974.2.5definition
Question

il tempo verbale

Answer

verb tense — presente, passato prossimo/imperfetto, futuro; keep it correct and consistent

Card 9984.2.5definition
Question

il tipo di testo

Answer

text type — blog, email, articolo…; use its conventions

Card 9994.2.5definition
Question

sviluppare un'idea

Answer

to develop an idea — expand it with reasons and examples, not just name it

Card 10004.2.5definition
Question

la concordanza / l'accordo

Answer

agreement — articles, adjectives and verbs must match in gender and number (la casa nuova)

Card 10014.2.5definition
Question

Which criterion does mixing tu and Lei affect?

Answer

Criterion C (conventions and register).

Card 10024.2.5definition
Question

Which criterion does a too-short text affect?

Answer

Criterion B (message); you don't get to develop the ideas.

Card 10034.2.5definition
Question

Which criterion do verb-tense errors affect?

Answer

Criterion A (language).

Card 10044.2.5concept
Question

What are the five steps of the final-check routine?

Answer

Words → Register → Conventions → Verbs → Ideas.

Card 10054.2.5concept
Question

How long should you reserve for the final check?

Answer

About five minutes at the end of the exam.

Card 10064.2.5concept
Question

What's the fix for a mixed register?

Answer

Fix one register (tu OR Lei) from the greeting to the sign-off and keep it consistent.

Card 10074.2.5concept
Question

Why does avoiding errors beat using rare vocabulary?

Answer

A clear, consistent, well-developed answer with correct verbs scores higher than a flashy one full of slips.

Card 10084.2.5concept
Question

What's the fix for listing ideas without developing them?

Answer

Develop 2-3 ideas with reasons and examples instead of naming many.

Card 10095.1.1definition
Question

How many recordings are in Paper 2 Listening (SL)?

Answer

Three (3) recordings, based on the course themes.

Card 10105.1.1definition
Question

How many times is each Listening recording played?

Answer

Twice — once for the gist, once for the details.

Card 10115.1.1definition
Question

How many marks is the Listening section worth (SL)?

Answer

About 25 marks (around 45 minutes).

Card 10125.1.1definition
Question

How is the Listening section marked?

Answer

Objectively, against an answer key — the answer is right or wrong, not graded on language.

Card 10135.1.1definition
Question

Name the Paper 2 Listening question types.

Answer

Multiple choice; true/false + justify (vero/falso + giustificare); fill-in-the-gaps (completare i vuoti); short answer (risposta breve).

Card 10145.1.1definition
Question

Che cos'è «la comprensione orale»?

Answer

Listening comprehension — understanding spoken Italian.

Card 10155.1.1definition
Question

Che cos'è «una registrazione»?

Answer

A recording — the audio clip you listen to.

Card 10165.1.1definition
Question

What does «vero/falso + giustificare» mean?

Answer

True/false + justify — you decide if a statement is true or false AND give the words that prove it.

Card 10175.1.1definition
Question

How much of the SL grade is Paper 2 worth, and what does it test?

Answer

50% — it is the receptive-skills paper: Listening + Reading.

Card 10185.1.1concept
Question

What is the five-step listening technique?

Answer

Read the questions → Predict the vocabulary → First listen for the gist → Second listen for the details → Check spelling & blanks.

Card 10195.1.1concept
Question

Why are you allowed to hear each recording twice?

Answer

So you can get the general idea (gist) on the first play and catch the specific details on the second.

Card 10205.1.1concept
Question

What should you do in the pause before a recording?

Answer

Read the questions and predict the vocabulary you'll hear, so you know exactly what to listen for.

Card 10215.1.1concept
Question

Why is hearing a question-word in the audio NOT enough?

Answer

It may be a trap — the same word is often planted in a wrong place. Listen for the meaning and watch for synonyms.

Card 10225.1.1concept
Question

Why write short answers in Listening, not long ones?

Answer

It's marked objectively on correctness — a short, accurate answer scores; a long, rambling one risks burying or losing the point.

Card 10235.2.1definition
Question

What is a multiple-choice listening question?

Answer

A question with a short list of options (A, B, C, D) where exactly one is correct; you pick it from what you hear.

Card 10245.2.1definition
Question

How is a listening multiple-choice item marked?

Answer

Right or wrong against an answer key — one mark, no half marks.

Card 10255.2.1definition
Question

How many options are correct in a multiple-choice item?

Answer

Exactly one.

Card 10265.2.1definition
Question

What is a 'distractor' (distrattore) in multiple choice?

Answer

A plausible wrong option, often repeating a word you hear but twisting the meaning.

Card 10275.2.1definition
Question

Che cosa significa «scegliere l'opzione corretta»?

Answer

To choose the correct option.

Card 10285.2.1definition
Question

Che cosa significa «il significato»?

Answer

The meaning — what the whole sentence actually says.

Card 10295.2.1definition
Question

What does «una sola risposta» mean?

Answer

Only one answer — exactly one option is right.

Card 10305.2.1definition
Question

Che cosa vuol dire «contrassegnare» in una scelta multipla?

Answer

To tick / mark the option you choose.

Card 10315.2.1definition
Question

How many marks is each multiple-choice item worth?

Answer

One mark, awarded all-or-nothing.

Card 10325.2.1concept
Question

What is the five-step method for a listening MCQ?

Answer

Read all the options → Predict what each could sound like → Listen for the MEANING → Eliminate the distractors → Choose one and move on.

Card 10335.2.1concept
Question

Why should you read all the options before the audio?

Answer

So you know what they differ on and can predict the vocabulary, which lets you eliminate distractors as you listen.

Card 10345.2.1concept
Question

Why is hearing a word from an option NOT enough to choose it?

Answer

It may be the word-match trap — the same word is often planted in a wrong option. Judge by meaning, not by a single word.

Card 10355.2.1concept
Question

Why eliminate distractors rather than hunt for the answer?

Answer

Ruling out the options the recording contradicts is faster and narrows the choice, making the right option clear.

Card 10365.2.1concept
Question

Should you change a confident answer on the second listen?

Answer

No — use the second listen to confirm; only change it if you clearly misheard the first time.

Card 10375.2.2definition
Question

What is a Vero/Falso + giustificare question?

Answer

A statement you mark true (V) or false (F) AND justify with words from the recording.

Card 10385.2.2definition
Question

In V/F + justify, what do you score for a correct V/F with no justification?

Answer

Nothing — V/F alone earns no marks.

Card 10395.2.2definition
Question

What does «giustificare» mean in this question type?

Answer

To justify — to prove your true/false choice with the relevant words from the recording.

Card 10405.2.2definition
Question

What does «con parole del testo» mean?

Answer

With words from the text/recording — your justification must use the recording's own words.

Card 10415.2.2definition
Question

Che cos'è «la giustificazione»?

Answer

The justification — the exact proving words you quote to support your V/F.

Card 10425.2.2definition
Question

Che cosa significano «vero» e «falso»?

Answer

True and false.

Card 10435.2.2definition
Question

Che cos'è «una citazione» in questo contesto?

Answer

A quote — the exact words from the recording used as proof.

Card 10445.2.2definition
Question

What is the 'relevant detail' in a justification?

Answer

The exact part of the recording that proves your V/F — not the whole sentence and not an unrelated line.

Card 10455.2.2definition
Question

How many parts must be correct to score a V/F + justify mark?

Answer

Both — the V/F AND the justification.

Card 10465.2.2concept
Question

What is the five-step method for V/F + justify?

Answer

Read the statement → Locate the part it refers to → Decide V or F → Find the exact justifying words → Write BOTH the V/F and the justification.

Card 10475.2.2concept
Question

Why is a bare V/F worth nothing?

Answer

The question awards the mark for the V/F PLUS the justifying words; without the justification the answer is incomplete.

Card 10485.2.2concept
Question

Why quote the relevant words rather than the whole sentence?

Answer

Copying the whole sentence buries the proof; the mark needs the exact words that decide V or F.

Card 10495.2.2concept
Question

Why watch verb tenses in V/F + justify?

Answer

A past-tense detail («prima…») can be true once but false now — the tense can flip whether the statement is V or F.

Card 10505.2.2concept
Question

Why is an irrelevant justification not enough?

Answer

It doesn't prove your V/F; only the relevant detail that actually supports the answer earns the justification mark.

Card 10515.2.3definition
Question

What is a «completare i vuoti» (gap-fill) listening question?

Answer

A sentence or note with a blank that you complete with the exact word(s) you hear.

Card 10525.2.3definition
Question

In gap-fill, do spelling and accents count?

Answer

Yes — the exact word is the answer, so a misspelling or missing accent can lose the mark.

Card 10535.2.3definition
Question

How many words do you usually write in a gap-fill?

Answer

Usually one word or a few — only what the gap needs.

Card 10545.2.3definition
Question

What does the gap-fill answer have to do besides being the right word?

Answer

Fit grammatically in the sentence (correct gender, number and sense).

Card 10555.2.3definition
Question

Che cosa significa «completare i vuoti»?

Answer

To fill in the gaps.

Card 10565.2.3definition
Question

Che cos'è «il vuoto» (o «lo spazio»)?

Answer

The gap — the blank you complete.

Card 10575.2.3definition
Question

Che cos'è «l'accento» in una parola?

Answer

The accent mark — e.g. the difference between «e» and «è», or «perche» and «perché».

Card 10585.2.3definition
Question

Che cosa significa «stare bene nella frase» (concordare)?

Answer

To fit grammatically — your word must agree and make grammatical sense in the sentence.

Card 10595.2.3definition
Question

Che cosa vuol dire «l'ortografia»?

Answer

Spelling — the correct letters, accents and double consonants of the word.

Card 10605.2.3concept
Question

What is the five-step method for gap-fill?

Answer

Read the gapped sentence → Predict the word type → Listen for it → Write it correctly (spelling + accents) → Check it fits grammatically.

Card 10615.2.3concept
Question

Why predict the word type before listening?

Answer

Knowing whether the gap needs a number, a time or a noun tells you exactly what to listen for, so the word jumps out.

Card 10625.2.3concept
Question

Why must your gap-fill answer fit the sentence grammatically?

Answer

The gap is part of a real sentence; a word that doesn't agree or make sense is almost certainly the wrong answer.

Card 10635.2.3concept
Question

Why can a right word still lose the mark in gap-fill?

Answer

Because spelling and accents are part of the answer — a misspelling, a dropped accent or a missing double consonant can cost the mark.

Card 10645.2.3concept
Question

Why write only what the gap needs, not more?

Answer

Writing extra words can bury the answer or break the grammar of the sentence; the gap wants the exact word(s), nothing more.

Card 10655.2.4definition
Question

What is a short-answer question (risposta breve)?

Answer

A question you answer in a few words of Italian — not a sentence — giving the correct, relevant detail.

Card 10665.2.4definition
Question

Che cos'è «la risposta breve»?

Answer

The short answer — a few words, not a full sentence.

Card 10675.2.4definition
Question

Che cos'è «il dato» in a listening question?

Answer

The piece of information / the detail the question asks you to give.

Card 10685.2.4definition
Question

Che cos'è «la parola chiave»?

Answer

The key word — the one word (or two) you note down as the answer.

Card 10695.2.4definition
Question

What is a short answer marked on?

Answer

The correct, relevant content — NOT essay style, length, or perfect grammar.

Card 10705.2.4definition
Question

Does «In bicicletta» score as well as «Va a scuola in bicicletta»?

Answer

Yes — a few correct words score full marks; the full sentence adds nothing.

Card 10715.2.4definition
Question

Che cosa significa «rispondere con poche parole»?

Answer

To answer in a few words — give just the detail asked for, not a paragraph.

Card 10725.2.4definition
Question

What does «preciso/a» mean for a short answer?

Answer

Precise — exactly to the point, only the detail the question asks for.

Card 10735.2.4definition
Question

Should a short answer be in Italian or English?

Answer

In Italian — a few words of Italian giving the correct detail.

Card 10745.2.4concept
Question

What is the five-step short-answer technique?

Answer

Read the question → Listen for that detail → Note the key word(s) → Write a short, precise answer → Check it answers the question.

Card 10755.2.4concept
Question

Why is a short answer safer than a long one?

Answer

The shorter the answer, the less chance of including something wrong that cancels the mark — give the detail and stop.

Card 10765.2.4concept
Question

Why is copying a long chunk of the transcript risky?

Answer

The mark is for the precise detail; a long chunk may not answer the question and buries the relevant point.

Card 10775.2.4concept
Question

What is the most common lost mark in short answers?

Answer

Answering a DIFFERENT question — a correct fact that doesn't answer what was actually asked scores nothing.

Card 10785.2.4concept
Question

Should you ever leave a short answer blank?

Answer

Never — you hear each recording twice, so use the second listen to fill every gap; a blank scores zero.

Card 10795.2.5definition
Question

What are listening strategies?

Answer

Overarching techniques (predict, two-listen, deduce, infer) that improve every Paper 2 Listening question type.

Card 10805.2.5definition
Question

Che cosa significa «prevedere» in listening?

Answer

To predict — to guess the vocabulary you'll hear, from the questions, before you listen.

Card 10815.2.5definition
Question

Che cos'è «l'idea generale»?

Answer

The gist — the general idea of the recording (who, where, what about).

Card 10825.2.5definition
Question

Che cos'è «il dettaglio» in a recording?

Answer

The detail — the specific piece of information a question asks for.

Card 10835.2.5definition
Question

Che cosa significa «dedurre»?

Answer

To deduce / work out — figure out the meaning of an unknown word from context.

Card 10845.2.5definition
Question

Che cos'è «l'inferenza»?

Answer

Inference — what is meant but not stated outright (mood, opinion, purpose).

Card 10855.2.5definition
Question

Name the four core listening strategies.

Answer

Active prediction; the two-listen strategy (gist then detail); deducing unknown words from context; inference of mood/opinion/purpose.

Card 10865.2.5definition
Question

What is the two-listen strategy?

Answer

Use the first listen for the gist and the second listen for the details and to confirm.

Card 10875.2.5definition
Question

Che cosa significa «cogliere l'idea generale»?

Answer

To capture the gist — to grasp the general idea on the first listen.

Card 10885.2.5concept
Question

What is the master listening routine?

Answer

Read the questions → Predict the vocabulary → First listen for the gist → Second listen for the details → Infer what isn't said & check.

Card 10895.2.5concept
Question

Why shouldn't you try to catch every word?

Answer

Nobody catches every word — you need the meaning. The gist plus key details beats transcribing the whole clip.

Card 10905.2.5concept
Question

What should you do when you hit an unknown word?

Answer

Don't freeze — deduce its meaning from the surrounding context and keep listening; one word rarely costs the answer.

Card 10915.2.5concept
Question

When is inference needed in a listening question?

Answer

When the answer isn't word-for-word — you deduce the mood, opinion or purpose from the clues.

Card 10925.2.5concept
Question

Why is the second listen important?

Answer

It exists to catch the details and confirm your answers — not just to re-hear the gist.

Card 10936.1.1definition
Question

How many texts are in the Paper 2 Reading section?

Answer

3 texts, based on the themes.

Card 10946.1.1definition
Question

Roughly how many marks is the Reading section worth?

Answer

About 40 marks (around one hour).

Card 10956.1.1definition
Question

How is Paper 2 Reading marked?

Answer

Objectively, against an answer key.

Card 10966.1.1definition
Question

In Reading, does the text stay in front of you?

Answer

Yes — unlike listening, you can re-read the text.

Card 10976.1.1definition
Question

Name four common Reading question types.

Answer

Scelta multipla, V/F + giustificare, vocabolario nel contesto, riempire i vuoti, abbinare, completare le frasi, parole di riferimento, risposta breve.

Card 10986.1.1definition
Question

What does «la comprensione scritta» mean?

Answer

Reading comprehension.

Card 10996.1.1definition
Question

What is «vocabolario nel contesto»?

Answer

A question on what a word means in this particular text.

Card 11006.1.1definition
Question

What are «le parole di riferimento»?

Answer

Reference words such as «lo» or «questo» — you say what they point to.

Card 11016.1.1definition
Question

What does «vero/falso + giustificare» require?

Answer

Decide true or false AND quote the line from the text that proves it.

Card 11026.1.1concept
Question

Where is the answer to a Reading question always found?

Answer

In the text itself — you locate it, you never need outside knowledge.

Card 11036.1.1concept
Question

Give the 5-step reading routine.

Answer

Skim → Read the question → Scan → Locate the line → Answer (paraphrase where asked).

Card 11046.1.1concept
Question

Should you read the text or the question first?

Answer

Read the question first, then scan the text for that one detail.

Card 11056.1.1concept
Question

Why might the answer use different words from the question?

Answer

Reading tests paraphrase and synonyms — match meaning, not just identical words.

Card 11066.1.1concept
Question

Why is re-reading your advantage in Reading (vs Listening)?

Answer

The text never disappears, so you can go back to the exact line instead of answering from memory.

Card 11076.2.1definition
Question

What does «la scelta multipla» mean?

Answer

Multiple choice.

Card 11086.2.1definition
Question

How many options are correct in a reading MCQ?

Answer

Exactly one.

Card 11096.2.1definition
Question

How is a reading MCQ marked?

Answer

Objectively, all-or-nothing — right answer earns the mark, a wrong one earns nothing.

Card 11106.2.1definition
Question

What is a «distrattore» in a reading MCQ?

Answer

A wrong option written to look tempting — often by reusing a word from the text.

Card 11116.2.1definition
Question

What does the command word «scegli» tell you to do?

Answer

Choose (select the one correct option).

Card 11126.2.1definition
Question

In an MCQ, do you write anything?

Answer

No — you only choose the letter of the correct option.

Card 11136.2.1definition
Question

What does «secondo il testo» tell you about your answer?

Answer

It must be supported by the text, not by outside knowledge.

Card 11146.2.1definition
Question

What does «gli incassi» mean?

Answer

The takings / sales.

Card 11156.2.1definition
Question

What does «chiudere al traffico» mean?

Answer

To close (a street) to traffic.

Card 11166.2.1concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for a reading MCQ.

Answer

Read the question and all options → Find the relevant part → Read that sentence closely → Eliminate the distractors → Choose.

Card 11176.2.1concept
Question

What is the word-match trap?

Answer

A wrong option that repeats a word from the text but misreads its meaning, so it feels familiar.

Card 11186.2.1concept
Question

Why is eliminating distractors useful?

Answer

It is often easier to rule options out than to spot the right one; what's left is your answer.

Card 11196.2.1concept
Question

Why must you read the WHOLE relevant sentence?

Answer

The meaning of the full line decides the answer — deciding on half a sentence loses marks.

Card 11206.2.1concept
Question

Does a shared word between an option and the text prove it's correct?

Answer

No — be more suspicious; the writers plant that word, so check the whole sentence's meaning.

Card 11216.2.2definition
Question

What does «vero» mean?

Answer

True.

Card 11226.2.2definition
Question

What does «falso» mean?

Answer

False.

Card 11236.2.2definition
Question

What does «giustificare» ask you to do?

Answer

Give the reason by quoting the relevant words from the text.

Card 11246.2.2definition
Question

In V/F + justify, how are the marks usually split?

Answer

1 mark for the decision (V/F) and 1 mark for a correct justification.

Card 11256.2.2definition
Question

Where does the justification come from?

Answer

From the text — you quote or copy the relevant words.

Card 11266.2.2definition
Question

What does «l'affermazione» mean in this question type?

Answer

The statement you must judge true or false.

Card 11276.2.2definition
Question

Should you copy a whole paragraph as your justification?

Answer

No — quote only the specific words that prove your answer.

Card 11286.2.2definition
Question

What does «il canile» mean?

Answer

The dog shelter / kennels.

Card 11296.2.2definition
Question

What does «adottare» mean?

Answer

To adopt.

Card 11306.2.2concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for V/F + justify.

Answer

Read the statement → Find the relevant line → Decide true or false → Quote the justifying words → Write BOTH.

Card 11316.2.2concept
Question

Why does a correct V/F earn nothing on its own?

Answer

The marks depend on justifying it with the relevant words from the text.

Card 11326.2.2concept
Question

What's the most common way to lose marks in V/F + justify?

Answer

Writing V or F with no justification.

Card 11336.2.2concept
Question

Why quote only the relevant words, not the whole paragraph?

Answer

A buried justification may not be credited; short and exact beats long and vague.

Card 11346.2.2concept
Question

What two things must every V/F answer contain?

Answer

The decision (vero/falso) AND the justifying words from the text.

Card 11356.2.3definition
Question

What does «il vocabolario nel contesto» test?

Answer

What a word or phrase means in this particular text, using the context.

Card 11366.2.3definition
Question

What does «significare» / «voler dire» mean?

Answer

To mean.

Card 11376.2.3definition
Question

What does «il significato» mean?

Answer

The meaning.

Card 11386.2.3definition
Question

What is «un sinonimo»?

Answer

A synonym — a word with the same meaning.

Card 11396.2.3definition
Question

What is «un falso amico» (false friend)?

Answer

A word that looks like an English word but means something different.

Card 11406.2.3definition
Question

What are the two formats of a vocab-in-context question?

Answer

(1) «Che cosa significa «X» nel testo?» and (2) «Cerca nel testo la parola che significa Y.»

Card 11416.2.3definition
Question

What does «attuale» really mean?

Answer

Current / present-day — NOT 'actual' (a false friend).

Card 11426.2.3definition
Question

What does «rimpiangere» mean?

Answer

To miss / to regret the loss of (someone or something).

Card 11436.2.3definition
Question

What does «iscriversi (a)» mean?

Answer

To sign up for / register for.

Card 11446.2.3concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for vocab in context.

Answer

Locate the word → Read around it → Infer from context → Match to the option / find the synonym → Check it fits.

Card 11456.2.3concept
Question

Why shouldn't you rely on a dictionary meaning alone?

Answer

A word can have several meanings; the context decides which one fits here.

Card 11466.2.3concept
Question

How do you confirm a vocab-in-context meaning?

Answer

Re-read the sentence with your meaning slotted in — it should make sense.

Card 11476.2.3concept
Question

How does the 'fit test' expose a false friend?

Answer

Slot the English-looking meaning into the sentence; if it makes no sense, it's a false friend.

Card 11486.2.3concept
Question

Can you decode a word you've never learnt?

Answer

Yes — the surrounding context usually gives the meaning away.

Card 11496.2.4definition
Question

What does «riempire i vuoti» mean?

Answer

To fill in the gaps (a gap-fill task).

Card 11506.2.4definition
Question

In a gap-fill, where does the missing word usually come from?

Answer

From the text itself, or from a given word bank.

Card 11516.2.4definition
Question

How long is a typical gap-fill answer?

Answer

One word or just a few words.

Card 11526.2.4definition
Question

What does «il vuoto» mean?

Answer

The gap / blank space to be filled.

Card 11536.2.4definition
Question

What does «completare» mean?

Answer

To complete (e.g. complete the sentence).

Card 11546.2.4definition
Question

What does «la parola mancante» mean?

Answer

The missing word.

Card 11556.2.4definition
Question

Does spelling matter in a gap-fill answer?

Answer

Yes — it is marked objectively, so spelling and accents must be exact.

Card 11566.2.4definition
Question

What does «secondo il testo» mean in a gap-fill instruction?

Answer

According to the text — the word must come from the text.

Card 11576.2.4definition
Question

What three things must a correct gap-fill word do?

Answer

Come from the text/bank, fit grammatically, and be spelled correctly.

Card 11586.2.4concept
Question

Give the 5-step gap-fill routine.

Answer

Read the gapped sentence → Predict the word type → Find it in the text → Write it correctly → Check it fits.

Card 11596.2.4concept
Question

Why predict the word type before searching?

Answer

So you scan for the right kind of word (noun, verb, number) instead of any word.

Card 11606.2.4concept
Question

Why can a correct idea still lose the gap-fill mark?

Answer

If the word is the wrong form or is misspelt, objective marking won't award it.

Card 11616.2.4concept
Question

Should you invent a word for a gap if you can't find one?

Answer

No — the word comes from the text or the given bank; never invent it.

Card 11626.2.4concept
Question

How should you copy a gap-fill word from the text?

Answer

Exactly — letter for letter, with the correct accents and form.

Card 11636.2.5definition
Question

What does «abbinare» mean?

Answer

To match / pair up (a matching task).

Card 11646.2.5definition
Question

What does a matching task ask you to do?

Answer

Link each item in one set to its partner in another set.

Card 11656.2.5definition
Question

Name three common matching formats.

Answer

Persone↔opinioni, titoli↔paragrafi, and the two halves of a sentence.

Card 11666.2.5definition
Question

How many times is each option used in matching?

Answer

Exactly once.

Card 11676.2.5definition
Question

What is «l'opzione in più»?

Answer

The extra (spare) option that matches nothing and is left over.

Card 11686.2.5definition
Question

What does «il titolo» mean?

Answer

The headline / heading.

Card 11696.2.5definition
Question

What does «il paragrafo» mean?

Answer

The paragraph.

Card 11706.2.5definition
Question

What does «l'opinione» mean?

Answer

The opinion / view.

Card 11716.2.5definition
Question

Why is there usually one extra option in matching?

Answer

It's a distractor — a spare that matches nothing, to catch you out.

Card 11726.2.5concept
Question

Give the 5-step matching routine.

Answer

Read both lists → Do the sure ones first → Eliminate → Match the rest → Check none is reused and the spare is left over.

Card 11736.2.5concept
Question

Should you match in order, top to bottom?

Answer

No — do the matches you're sure of first; each one removes an option.

Card 11746.2.5concept
Question

Should you match because two items share one word?

Answer

No — match on the meaning of the whole statement, not a single shared word.

Card 11756.2.5concept
Question

What if you've used the same option for two items?

Answer

One of those matches is wrong — each option is used only once.

Card 11766.2.5concept
Question

Should you ever leave a matching question blank?

Answer

No — match every item, using elimination for the ones you're unsure of.

Card 11776.2.6definition
Question

What does «completare le frasi» mean?

Answer

To complete sentences (a sentence-completion task).

Card 11786.2.6definition
Question

What does a sentence-completion task ask you to do?

Answer

Finish a sentence so it matches what the text says.

Card 11796.2.6definition
Question

What are the two sentence-completion formats?

Answer

Choose the right ending (a/b/c), or complete the sentence with words from the text.

Card 11806.2.6definition
Question

What does «l'inizio della frase» mean?

Answer

The sentence stem — the beginning you must complete.

Card 11816.2.6definition
Question

What does «il finale corretto» mean?

Answer

The correct ending.

Card 11826.2.6definition
Question

What does «vero secondo il testo» mean?

Answer

True according to the text.

Card 11836.2.6definition
Question

What does «secondo il testo» mean in a completion task?

Answer

According to the text — the ending must match the text.

Card 11846.2.6definition
Question

Does the ending need to fit grammatically?

Answer

Yes — the completed sentence must fit the grammar of the stem.

Card 11856.2.6definition
Question

When is a completed sentence correct?

Answer

When it is true according to the text, not just sensible in general.

Card 11866.2.6concept
Question

Give the 5-step sentence-completion routine.

Answer

Read the stem → Find what the text says → Choose or write the ending → Check the sentence is true per the text → Move on.

Card 11876.2.6concept
Question

Can an ending be wrong even if it sounds reasonable?

Answer

Yes — if the text doesn't state it, a sensible-sounding ending is still wrong.

Card 11886.2.6concept
Question

What is the 'time shift' trap in completion?

Answer

An ending true for a later part of the text but not for the part the stem asks about.

Card 11896.2.6concept
Question

Should you complete a sentence from memory?

Answer

No — complete it from the text, which stays in front of you.

Card 11906.2.6concept
Question

How do you find the right ending?

Answer

Match the stem to the exact line in the text and pick the ending that agrees with it.

Card 11916.2.7definition
Question

What is a «parola di riferimento» (reference word)?

Answer

A word like «lo» or «questo» that points back to a noun or idea said earlier in the text.

Card 11926.2.7definition
Question

What is «il referente»?

Answer

The referent — the actual noun or idea a reference word points to.

Card 11936.2.7definition
Question

What does «riferirsi a» mean?

Answer

To refer to / to point back to (something said before).

Card 11946.2.7definition
Question

What does «sostituire / rimpiazzare» mean?

Answer

To replace / to substitute one word for another.

Card 11956.2.7definition
Question

What do «lo», «la», «li», «le» usually point to?

Answer

A noun already mentioned (the direct object).

Card 11966.2.7definition
Question

What do «questo» and «ciò» usually point to?

Answer

A whole idea or phrase said before, not just one noun.

Card 11976.2.7definition
Question

What do «questo» and «quello» (as demonstratives) usually point to?

Answer

The nearest noun.

Card 11986.2.7definition
Question

What do «lì», «là» and «ci» usually point to?

Answer

A place that was mentioned.

Card 11996.2.7definition
Question

What do «suo», «sua» and «loro» usually point to?

Answer

The owner mentioned (whose something is).

Card 12006.2.7concept
Question

Do reference words point forwards or backwards?

Answer

Backwards — they point to something said earlier, so read the lines before the word.

Card 12016.2.7concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for tracking a reference.

Answer

Find → Read before → Identify → Substitute → Check.

Card 12026.2.7concept
Question

How does agreement help you find the right referent?

Answer

The referent must agree in gender and number with the word, so «lo» needs a masculine singular noun, «le» a feminine plural one.

Card 12036.2.7concept
Question

How do you confirm you have the right referent?

Answer

Substitute the noun back in place of the reference word and check the sentence still makes sense.

Card 12046.2.7concept
Question

When you answer «a che cosa si riferisce “lo”?», what should you write?

Answer

The actual noun or idea it points to (e.g. «il cane»), never the word «lo» itself.

Card 12056.2.8definition
Question

What is «la risposta breve» (short answer)?

Answer

An answer of a few words or a short phrase to a question about the text.

Card 12066.2.8definition
Question

What does «con parole tue» mean?

Answer

In your own words — you must paraphrase, not copy the line.

Card 12076.2.8definition
Question

What does «secondo il testo» tell you?

Answer

According to the text — the answer is in the passage, so locate it.

Card 12086.2.8definition
Question

What does «parafrasare / riformulare» mean?

Answer

To paraphrase — say the same idea in different words.

Card 12096.2.8definition
Question

What does «copiare parola per parola» mean?

Answer

To copy word-for-word — avoid this when own words are required.

Card 12106.2.8definition
Question

What does «rispondere (a una domanda)» mean?

Answer

To answer (a question).

Card 12116.2.8definition
Question

In a short answer, what is mainly marked — style or content?

Answer

Content correctness — the right information, briefly; style is not the point.

Card 12126.2.8definition
Question

Are minor language slips heavily penalised in a reading short answer?

Answer

Usually not — the content (the correct, text-supported idea) is what earns the mark.

Card 12136.2.8definition
Question

May you copy from the text when the question does NOT say «con parole tue»?

Answer

Yes — then you may lift the words straight from the text.

Card 12146.2.8concept
Question

Give the 5-step short-answer routine.

Answer

Read the question → Locate → Note the key info → Write a short answer → Check it answers the question.

Card 12156.2.8concept
Question

Should you read the text or the question first?

Answer

Read the question first, so you know exactly what to look for in the text.

Card 12166.2.8concept
Question

Why shouldn't you over-write a short answer?

Answer

Extra padding earns no extra marks and risks contradicting yourself; a few words are enough.

Card 12176.2.8concept
Question

Why should you never leave a short answer blank?

Answer

A blank scores zero, but a brief, text-supported attempt can score the mark.

Card 12186.2.8concept
Question

What's the risk of copying the line when «con parole tue» is required?

Answer

You may lose the mark for not paraphrasing — you must reword the idea.

Card 12197.1.1definition
Question

l'orale individuale / la prova orale

Answer

the individual oral (IA)

Card 12207.1.1definition
Question

lo stimolo visivo / la fotografia

Answer

the visual stimulus (a photo)

Card 12217.1.1definition
Question

il tempo di preparazione

Answer

the supervised preparation time

Card 12227.1.1definition
Question

la presentazione

Answer

the presentation

Card 12237.1.1definition
Question

la conversazione / il colloquio

Answer

the conversation

Card 12247.1.1concept
Question

descrivere → interpretare → collegare

Answer

describe → interpret → link (to a theme)

Card 12257.1.1definition
Question

collegare (a) / mettere in relazione con

Answer

to link / connect to

Card 12267.1.1definition
Question

i criteri di valutazione

Answer

the assessment criteria

Card 12277.1.1concept
Question

Nella foto vedo…

Answer

In the photo I can see… (describe)

Card 12287.1.1concept
Question

Credo che l'immagine mostri…

Answer

I think the image shows… (interpret)

Card 12297.1.1concept
Question

How long is the IA preparation, and how long do you speak?

Answer

~15 min supervised preparation; then ~3–4 min presentation + ~4–5 min conversation.

Card 12307.1.1concept
Question

Out of how many marks is the IA, and what are the criteria?

Answer

/30 — A Lingua /12, B Messaggio /12, C Comprensione e interazione /6.

Card 12317.1.1concept
Question

What does the IA presentation start from?

Answer

A visual stimulus (a photo) linked to one of the five themes — you describe, interpret and link it.

Card 12327.1.1concept
Question

How should you answer in the conversation?

Answer

Never in one word — develop with «perché…», «per esempio…», «secondo me…».

Card 12337.1.2definition
Question

i criteri di valutazione

Answer

the assessment criteria

Card 12347.1.2definition
Question

Criterio A — Lingua (/12)

Answer

Criterion A — Language: range + accuracy + clear pronunciation

Card 12357.1.2definition
Question

Criterio B — Messaggio (/12)

Answer

Criterion B — Message: relevant, developed ideas about the stimulus + in the conversation

Card 12367.1.2definition
Question

Criterio C — Interazione e comprensione (/6)

Answer

Criterion C — Interactive & receptive: understand the examiner + keep the conversation going

Card 12377.1.2definition
Question

il voto complessivo

Answer

the total mark — A + B + C = /30

Card 12387.1.2definition
Question

descrivere, interpretare e discutere

Answer

to describe, interpret and discuss (what your message must do)

Card 12397.1.2concept
Question

Out of how many is the Individual Oral marked?

Answer

/30 — A Lingua /12 + B Messaggio /12 + C Interazione /6.

Card 12407.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards your spoken Italian (range + accuracy)?

Answer

Criterion A — Lingua (/12).

Card 12417.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards developed, relevant ideas?

Answer

Criterion B — Messaggio (/12) — describe, interpret AND discuss.

Card 12427.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards interaction with the examiner?

Answer

Criterion C — Interazione e comprensione (/6).

Card 12437.1.2concept
Question

Name two ways to develop an idea for Criterion B.

Answer

Add a reason («perché…») and an example («per esempio…») — and link it to the theme.

Card 12447.1.2concept
Question

How do you earn Criterion C marks in the conversation?

Answer

Understand the examiner, answer what's asked, and keep it flowing (even ask a question back).

Card 12457.1.2concept
Question

What's a common way to LOSE Criterion B marks?

Answer

Only describing the stimulus and never interpreting it, or listing ideas without developing them.

Card 12467.1.2concept
Question

Which two criteria carry the most marks?

Answer

A Lingua and B Messaggio (/12 each); C Interazione is /6.

Card 12477.2.1definition
Question

Che cosa devi fare quando presenti l'immagine visiva?

Answer

Descrivere (quello che c'è letteralmente) E interpretare (quello che suggerisce o significa).

Card 12487.2.1definition
Question

In che tempo verbale descrivi l'immagine?

Answer

Al presente: «c'è», «vedo», «una persona sorride».

Card 12497.2.1definition
Question

descrivere

Answer

to describe — say what is literally in the image (people, place, actions)

Card 12507.2.1definition
Question

interpretare

Answer

to interpret — say what the image suggests, means or conveys

Card 12517.2.1definition
Question

il primo piano / lo sfondo

Answer

the foreground / the background — front of the image vs. further away

Card 12527.2.1definition
Question

Quali frasi servono per descrivere l'immagine?

Answer

«Nella foto vedo… / c'è…», «in primo piano / sullo sfondo», «a sinistra / a destra».

Card 12537.2.1definition
Question

Quali frasi servono per interpretare l'immagine?

Answer

«Sembra che… / Credo che…», «Ha l'aria di…», «L'immagine mostra / trasmette…».

Card 12547.2.1definition
Question

Quali sono i cinque passi per descrivere un'immagine?

Answer

Visione d'insieme → Dettaglio → Posizione → Interpretazione → Collegamento al tema.

Card 12557.2.1definition
Question

«a sinistra / a destra»

Answer

«on the left / on the right» — position language for locating elements in the image

Card 12567.2.1concept
Question

What's the difference between describing and interpreting?

Answer

Describing = saying what's literally there; interpreting = saying what it suggests or means. The oral needs BOTH.

Card 12577.2.1concept
Question

Why use position language when describing the stimulus?

Answer

Words like «in primo piano», «sullo sfondo», «a sinistra» make the description precise and controlled, and keep you talking.

Card 12587.2.1concept
Question

How do you avoid drying up while describing the image?

Answer

Follow overview → detail → position → interpret → link; if you stall, jump to the next move — there's always one more thing to say.

Card 12597.2.1concept
Question

How do you move from describing to interpreting?

Answer

Switch from «vedo… / c'è…» to «sembra che… / credo che l'immagine mostri…» — from what you see to what it means.

Card 12607.2.1concept
Question

Why is a bare list of objects a weak description?

Answer

It's description only, with no interpretation and often no position language — it loses Message marks.

Card 12617.2.2concept
Question

Questa immagine appartiene al tema …

Answer

This image belongs to the theme of …

Card 12627.2.2concept
Question

Nel mondo di lingua italiana …

Answer

In the Italian-speaking world …

Card 12637.2.2concept
Question

Immagino che …

Answer

I suppose / imagine that … (inference, + subjunctive)

Card 12647.2.2concept
Question

Probabilmente …

Answer

Probably … (inference)

Card 12657.2.2concept
Question

Secondo me …

Answer

In my opinion …

Card 12667.2.2concept
Question

Rispetto al mio paese …

Answer

Compared with my own country …

Card 12677.2.2concept
Question

Name the five course themes (Italian).

Answer

Identità, Esperienze, Ingegno umano, Organizzazione sociale, Come condividiamo il pianeta.

Card 12687.2.2concept
Question

Name a concrete festival reference for Italy.

Answer

il Carnevale di Venezia; il Palio di Siena; il Carnevale di Viareggio.

Card 12697.2.2concept
Question

Name a concrete food reference for Italy.

Answer

la pizza napoletana; la pasta; il caffè espresso; il panettone a Natale.

Card 12707.2.2concept
Question

Why give a CONCRETE cultural reference, not a vague one?

Answer

A specific, accurate Italian reference shows real cultural knowledge and scores under Criterion B (Message).

Card 12717.2.2concept
Question

What are the four moves of a strong IO opening?

Answer

Descrivere → nominare il tema → collegare alla cultura → supporre e valutare.

Card 12727.2.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards naming the theme and culture?

Answer

Criterion B (Message) — using the language to develop ideas, not just describe.

Card 12737.2.2concept
Question

Give an inference signpost (other than «Immagino che»).

Answer

Sembra che … (it seems that …); Probabilmente … (probably …).

Card 12747.2.2definition
Question

il Carnevale di Venezia

Answer

the Carnival of Venice (a common Italian cultural reference)

Card 12757.3.1definition
Question

la presentazione

Answer

the presentation — your prepared ~3–4 minute spoken opening on the stimulus

Card 12767.3.1definition
Question

lo stimolo visivo / la foto

Answer

the visual stimulus (the photo you present on)

Card 12777.3.1definition
Question

l'introduzione

Answer

the introduction — one sentence saying what the image shows

Card 12787.3.1definition
Question

la descrizione

Answer

the description — the key elements you can see

Card 12797.3.1definition
Question

l'interpretazione

Answer

the interpretation — what the image means, plus your opinion

Card 12807.3.1definition
Question

il collegamento al tema

Answer

the link to the theme — connecting the stimulus to one of the five themes

Card 12817.3.1definition
Question

la conclusione

Answer

the closing — a final sentence that rounds off and opens the conversation

Card 12827.3.1concept
Question

How long is the presentation?

Answer

About 3–4 minutes of uninterrupted speaking on the visual stimulus.

Card 12837.3.1concept
Question

Name the five parts, in order.

Answer

Introduzione → Descrizione → Interpretazione & opinione → Collegamento al tema → Conclusione.

Card 12847.3.1concept
Question

How do you OPEN the presentation?

Answer

One clear sentence: «La foto mostra…» / «Nell'immagine si vede…»

Card 12857.3.1concept
Question

Why is «only describing» a trap?

Answer

You lose Message marks — you must describe AND interpret (say what it means) and give an opinion.

Card 12867.3.1concept
Question

How do you link to the theme?

Answer

Name it: «Questo si collega al tema … perché…»

Card 12877.3.1concept
Question

How do you round off (hand over)?

Answer

«In conclusione… mi piacerebbe parlare di più di…» — a short close that opens the discussion.

Card 12887.3.1concept
Question

Should you write a full script?

Answer

No — plan only ideas and key words (parole chiave) in your 15 minutes of prep; a read-out script sounds flat.

Card 12897.3.2definition
Question

la conversazione / il colloquio

Answer

the conversation (the interactive part of the IA)

Card 12907.3.2definition
Question

sviluppare / approfondire una risposta

Answer

to develop / expand an answer

Card 12917.3.2definition
Question

motivare — «…, perché …»

Answer

to justify — „…, because …“

Card 12927.3.2definition
Question

fare un esempio — «per esempio…»

Answer

to give an example — „for example…“

Card 12937.3.2definition
Question

nel mio caso…

Answer

in my case…

Card 12947.3.2definition
Question

chiedere a propria volta — «E Lei?»

Answer

to ask back — „And you?“ (formal)

Card 12957.3.2definition
Question

i riempitivi / i segnali del discorso

Answer

fillers / discourse markers (allora…, onestamente…)

Card 12967.3.2definition
Question

chiedere di ripetere

Answer

to ask for something to be repeated

Card 12977.3.2definition
Question

«Potrebbe ripetere, per favore?»

Answer

„Could you repeat that, please?“

Card 12987.3.2definition
Question

tenere viva la conversazione

Answer

to keep the conversation going

Card 12997.3.2concept
Question

Why does a one-word answer like «Sì» lose marks?

Answer

It shows almost no interaction or development — it sinks Criterion C (Interaction).

Card 13007.3.2concept
Question

How do you develop an answer in the conversation?

Answer

Answer + «perché…» (reason) + «per esempio…» (example) + «nel mio caso…» (own experience) + ask back.

Card 13017.3.2concept
Question

What should you do if you don't understand a question?

Answer

Ask for clarification in Italian: «Potrebbe ripetere, per favore?» — never stay silent or switch to English.

Card 13027.3.2concept
Question

Which criterion does the conversation mainly build?

Answer

Criterion C — Interaction (/6); developing/justifying answers also lifts Message (B /12).

Card 13037.3.3concept
Question

Nell'immagine si vede… (function?)

Answer

DESCRIBE — In the image you can see…

Card 13047.3.3concept
Question

Sembra che… / Ho l'impressione che… (function?)

Answer

INTERPRET — It seems that… / I get the impression that…

Card 13057.3.3concept
Question

Secondo me… (function?)

Answer

OPINE — In my opinion…

Card 13067.3.3definition
Question

In primo piano / Sullo sfondo

Answer

in the foreground / in the background

Card 13077.3.3concept
Question

Direi che…

Answer

I would say that… (condizionale — high-level opinion)

Card 13087.3.3concept
Question

Sarebbe meglio se…

Answer

It would be better if… (condizionale + congiuntivo)

Card 13097.3.3concept
Question

Si dovrebbe… / Si potrebbe…

Answer

One should… / One could… (impersonal modals — high level)

Card 13107.3.3concept
Question

Give three connectors to link ideas.

Answer

inoltre (besides), tuttavia (however), perciò (therefore) — also: perché, anche se, eppure.

Card 13117.3.3definition
Question

l'intercalare

Answer

filler word

Card 13127.3.3concept
Question

Name three ITALIAN fillers to buy thinking-time.

Answer

allora…, beh…, cioè…, diciamo…, fammi pensare un attimo…

Card 13137.3.3definition
Question

prendere tempo

Answer

to buy / gain time

Card 13147.3.3concept
Question

How do you ask for clarification in the oral?

Answer

«Potrebbe ripetere, per favore?» — never switch to English.

Card 13157.3.3concept
Question

Name the three Individual Oral criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Interactive & receptive skills (6).

Card 13167.3.3concept
Question

What's the order of functions in the oral?

Answer

Describe → Interpret → Opine — then link with connectors and fill pauses in Italian.

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