Civil rights and minority rights
Practice Flashcards
Flip to reveal answersWhat did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decide?
Track your progress — Sign up free to save your progress and get smart review reminders based on spaced repetition.
All 12 Flashcards — Civil rights and minority rights
Sign up free to track progress and get spaced-repetition review schedules.
Question
What did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decide?
Answer
The US Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning 'separate but equal'.
Question
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–56)?
Answer
A year-long boycott of Montgomery's buses, sparked by Rosa Parks's arrest, that ended segregated bus seating.
Question
What happened at the March on Washington (1963)?
Answer
About 250,000 people marched for jobs and freedom; Martin Luther King Jr gave his 'I Have a Dream' speech, pressuring the government to reform.
Question
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
Answer
It banned racial segregation in public places and discrimination in employment, ending legal segregation.
Question
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?
Answer
It outlawed literacy tests and other barriers, and sent federal officials to protect Black Americans' right to vote.
Question
What was the NAACP's role?
Answer
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People fought segregation through the courts and won Brown v. Board.
Question
How did Malcolm X differ from Martin Luther King Jr?
Answer
King preached nonviolence and integration; Malcolm X argued for Black pride, self-defence and (at first) separatism, inspiring Black Power.
Question
Who were the Gastarbeiter?
Answer
'Guest workers' invited to West Germany from the 1950s–60s (e.g. from Turkey and Italy) to fill labour shortages; many settled permanently.
Question
Define citizenship.
Answer
Full legal membership of a nation, carrying rights such as voting and holding a passport.
Question
Why couldn't many guest workers become German citizens?
Answer
German citizenship was based on descent ('jus sanguinis' — right of blood), not birthplace, so settled immigrants and their German-born children were excluded.
Question
Jus sanguinis vs jus soli?
Answer
Jus sanguinis: citizenship by descent/blood (old German rule). Jus soli: citizenship by being born on the soil (as in the USA).
Question
How did the role of the state change in both countries?
Answer
It shifted from enforcing or ignoring discrimination to guaranteeing and protecting the rights of racial and immigrant minorities.
Read the notes
Full study notes for Civil rights and minority rights
Topic 14.3 hub
The struggle for rights and equality
More from Topic 14.3
All flashcards in this topic
History exam skills
Paper structures & tips
Track your progress with spaced repetition
Sign up free — Aimnova tells you exactly which cards to review and when, so you remember everything before your IB exam.
Start Free