Women's suffrage and rights

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The right of women to vote in political elections — the central early goal of the women's movement.

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A US women's rights convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton that demanded the vote and launched the organised American suffrage movement.

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The US constitutional amendment that banned denying the vote 'on account of sex', enfranchising American women nationwide.

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Through the 1918 revolution and the Weimar Constitution of 1919, which gave men and women equal civic rights — a year before US women.

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No taxation without representation: women paid taxes and worked, so a democracy that excluded them was not truly representative.

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That a woman's proper place was the home, not politics, and that she was too emotional for public affairs.

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The movement from the 1960s (esp. in the USA) that fought social and economic inequality — pay, jobs, education, the home — not just the vote.

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A proposed US amendment to guarantee equality of the sexes; passed by Congress in 1972 but never ratified by enough states.

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US women won it by a 70-year grassroots campaign ending in the 1920 amendment; German women won it suddenly through the 1918 revolution and 1919 constitution.

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A law banning employers from paying women less than men for the same work — targeting economic, not just political, inequality.

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That 'men and women shall have equal rights', though real change in law and daily life came only gradually.

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Because winning the vote or an equality law did not end unequal pay, job discrimination or domestic expectations — the key analytical theme for essays.