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All 14 Flashcards — Perfect tense (Perfekt)
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Question
das Perfekt
Answer
the perfect tense (the spoken/written German past for completed actions)
Question
machen → ich (Perfekt)
Answer
ich habe gemacht (I have done / I did)
Question
spielen → wir (Perfekt)
Answer
wir haben gespielt (we played)
Question
gehen → ich (Perfekt)
Answer
ich bin gegangen (I went) — movement, so «sein»
Question
fahren → er/sie (Perfekt)
Answer
er/sie ist gefahren (he/she drove) — movement, so «sein»
Question
essen → ich (Perfekt)
Answer
ich habe gegessen (I ate) — strong participle
Question
sehen → wir (Perfekt)
Answer
wir haben gesehen (we saw) — strong participle
Question
schreiben → ich (Perfekt)
Answer
ich habe geschrieben (I wrote) — strong participle
Question
sein → ich (Perfekt)
Answer
ich bin gewesen (I have been) — takes «sein»
Question
einschlafen → er/sie (Perfekt)
Answer
er/sie ist eingeschlafen (he/she fell asleep) — change of state, separable
Question
How is the Perfekt formed?
Answer
An auxiliary (haben or sein) conjugated in the present + the past participle (Partizip II), which goes to the END of the clause.
Question
When do you use «sein» instead of «haben»?
Answer
For verbs of movement from A to B (gehen, fahren, kommen) and change of state (einschlafen, aufwachen); also sein, bleiben, werden.
Question
How do regular vs strong verbs form the participle?
Answer
Regular (weak): ge- + stem + -t (gemacht, gespielt). Strong: ge- + (changed) stem + -en (gegangen, gegessen) — learn these.
Question
Where does the past participle go in the sentence?
Answer
To the very END of the clause: «Ich habe gestern Fußball gespielt» — auxiliary in position 2, participle last (the Satzklammer).
Read the notes
Full study notes for Perfect tense (Perfekt)
Topic 3.2 hub
Past tenses
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German B exam skills
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