Measuring food and nutrition
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Question
How is food consumption measured?
Answer
As the **average daily calorie (energy) supply per person**, in kcal/person/day.
Question
Define malnutrition.
Answer
A diet that is wrong in some way — the umbrella term covering **both undernutrition and over-nutrition**.
Question
Undernutrition vs over-nutrition?
Answer
**Undernutrition** = too little food or too few nutrients; **over-nutrition** = too much energy or an unbalanced diet.
Question
What is the undernourishment rate?
Answer
The **% of a population** not getting enough calories to be healthy.
Question
Define food security.
Answer
When all people can **reliably access enough safe, nutritious food**.
Question
Name the three pillars of the food security index.
Answer
**Affordability**, **availability**, and **quality and safety**.
Question
What does the affordability pillar measure?
Answer
Whether people can **afford** food — income, food prices and the cost of a healthy diet.
Question
How does undernutrition link to disease?
Answer
It **weakens the immune system**, so undernourished people (esp. children) die more from infections like measles and diarrhoea.
Question
How does over-nutrition link to disease?
Answer
It drives **non-communicable diseases** — obesity, type-2 diabetes, heart disease and some cancers.
Question
What is the nutrition transition?
Answer
As affluence rises, diets shift from staples to **meat, dairy, sugar and processed food**, raising over-nutrition.
Question
Name two human factors that change diets.
Answer
Rising affluence and advertising/social media (also technology, trade, migration, culture/religion).
Question
What does a top [10] nutrition-and-disease essay need?
Answer
Both under- and over-nutrition, non-nutritional causes (water, sanitation, overcrowding, poverty) weighed, named examples, and a judgement.
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Topic 12.1 hub
Measuring food and health
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