IB ESS — Topic 8.2

Urban systems and urban planning

Topic 8.2 examines urbanisation, the growth of cities, and the environmental challenges associated with urban living. Students study urban metabolism, green infrastructure, sustainable transport, and planning strategies that reduce the ecological footprint of cities.

Sub-topics in Topic 8.2

8.2.1Urbanisation and urban growth8.2.2Urban land use and structure8.2.3Sustainable urban planning

Study Topic 8.2: Urban systems and urban planning

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