HomeIB ESSTopic 8.2

Urban systems and urban planning

Topic 8.2 examines urbanisation, the growth of cities, and the environmental challenges associated with urban living. Students study urban metabolism, green infrastructure, sustainable transport, and planning strategies that reduce the ecological footprint of cities.

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IB ESS · Topic 8.2

Sub-topics in Topic 8.2

8.2.1Urban ecosystems8.2.2What an urban area is8.2.3The urban area as a system8.2.4Urbanization8.2.5Rural-urban migration8.2.6Suburbanization8.2.7Urban expansion and the environment8.2.8Urban planning8.2.9Sustainable urban planning8.2.10Ecological urban planning