IB ESS — Topic 2.2

Communities and ecosystems

Topic 2.2 examines how species form communities and ecosystems, including the concepts of habitat, distribution, and abundance. Students study ecosystem structure, the difference between biotic and abiotic factors, and how communities change over time.

Sub-topics in Topic 2.2

2.2.1Communities & ecosystems2.2.2Sustainability & Resilience2.2.3Keystone Species

Study Topic 2.2: Communities and ecosystems

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